关键词: 结构色, 光子晶体, 颜料, 胶体组装, 生态着色

Abstract: As the limitations of traditional chemical dyes in terms of environmental protection and durability become increasingly prominent, photonic crystal structural color pigments, which achieve color regulation based on the Bragg diffraction of tunable periodic micro/nanostructures, have emerged as a research hotspot in the field of ecological coloring for textiles due to their remarkable advantages such as high saturation, special optical effects, excellent dispersibility, pollution-free nature and high light stability. In-depth research on photonic crystal structural color pigments offers innovative technological pathways to meet the demands for high-performance pigments across various industries, holding both scientific significance and industrial application value. In recent decades, fundamental research on photonic crystals has advanced the preparation of various types of photonic crystal structural color pigments, primarily including nanolaminate-based pigments relying on thin-film interference, block copolymer-based pigments and colloidal particle-based photonic crystal structural color pigments. Nanolaminate-based pigments generate angle-dependent colors through thin-film interference, demonstrating commercial potential in anti-counterfeiting and decorative applications. However, their poor mechanical stability makes them prone to structural damage. Block copolymer-based pigments, due to their efficient self-assembly process, provide a promising route to conveniently prepare photonic crystal structural color materials. Nevertheless, their temperature responsiveness and uneven self-assembly stability affect color stability. Colloidal particle-based pigments achieve coverage of the visible light spectrum by directly controlling the reflection wavelength through the size of colloidal particles ranging from 150 to 400 nm and can be doped with functional elements to enable intelligent responses. However, their optical performance is easily constrained by factors such as crystallization rate and concentration. In terms of practical applications, different types of photonic crystal structural color pigments have demonstrated promising application potential in various fields including textiles, anti-counterfeiting and biological detection, offering breakthrough solutions to the environmental and durability limitations of traditional dyeing technologies. As a novel class of bio-inspired structural color material, photonic crystal structural color pigments have demonstrated significant application potential in various fields due to their unique structural coloration effects and excellent properties. However, current preparation methods for these pigments generally suffer from complex processes and low yields. In practical applications, they also face challenges such as poor structural stability, difficulties in pigment adhesion and insufficient color saturation. These issues have hindered their large-scale production and commercialization. Future research on photonic crystal structural color pigments will closely focus on addressing these current challenges. For example, continuous exploration and development of low-cost high-throughput production technologies aim to simplify the preparation process, enhance production efficiency and enable the industrial-scale preparation of photonic crystal structural color pigments to meet the growing market demand.

Key words: structural color, photonic crystal, pigments, colloidal assembly, ecological coloring