关键词: 三维间隔织物, 摩擦纳米发电机, 摩擦电性能, 智能可穿戴装备

Abstract: The triboelectric nanogenerator TENG is a novel energy harvesting technology that converts widely distributed low-frequency small and irregular mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the coupling effects of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction.As an efficient sustainable and pollution-free power source it can provide a continuous energy supply for microelectronic devices.Textile-based TENGs possess good wearing comfort and hold great potential for widespread applications in the field of smart wearable technology.In recent years researchers have developed various textile-based TENGs that can be integrated into clothing through strategies such as fiber functionalization and fabric structure design.However these TENGs still suffer from limitations such as restricted contact area poor wearing comfort and inadequate durability.Three-dimensional spacer fabrics 3D-SF stand out among textile-based TENGs due to their special sandwich structure and compression-resilience properties.The porous layered structure and the resilience provided by the spacer layer in 3D-SF enable superior output performance compared to traditional planar fabric structures and their sandwich structure makes the integration of functional materials simple and feasible.The three-dimensional spacer fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator 3D-SF-TENG with advantages such as good wearing comfort softness lightweight nature structural flexibility and easy maintenance shows broad application prospects in the field of smart wearable devices.The majority of existing research on 3D-SF-TENG employs either the contact-separation or single-electrode working mode with a minority adopting the horizontal sliding mode.Different working modes exhibit process variations in the fabrication of the base fabric 3D-SF.The weaving method predominantly used for 3D-SF is knitting with warp knitting and weft knitting being the main fabrication processes.The preparation of dielectric materials and electrodes typically involves methods such as impregnation coating and direct weaving with functional yarns.Commonly selected dielectric materials include polydimethylsiloxane PMDS polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE and polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF while conductive materials mainly include carbon nanotubes graphene and metallic conductive ions.In addition the structural design of the fabric is also a key factor in the preparation of 3D-SF-TENG.By meticulously designing structural parameters such as yarn parameters thickness and area and the structure of the spacer layer the triboelectric charge surface density and compression resilience of the TENG can be enhanced so as to improve its triboelectric performance.3D-SF-TENG has great potential for applications in the field of smart wearable equipment it can convert the mechanical energy generated by human motion into electrical energy and its versatility enables it to be integrated with devices such as batteries capacitors and sensors paving the way for self-powered smart wearable systems.Finally potential areas for in-depth research on 3D-SF-TENG in the future include focusing on improving its performance and establishing more accurate theoretical models experimenting with dielectric materials that have better affinity for the human body and developing and designing fully flexible integrated smart sensing equipment and circuit management systems.

Key words: 3D spacer fabric, triboelectric nanogenerator, triboelectric property, smart wearable equipment