多季节适用型环卫服的研发与性能评价

doi:10.19398/j.att.202010020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升环卫服对季节变化和昼夜交替温差的适用性,通过优化环卫服的开口方式及内部结构,开发了一款多季节适用型的环卫服。在对多季节适用型环卫服工效性进行评价的基础之上,采用人工气候舱模拟高温(30℃)和低温(10℃)环境,通过人体着装实验对新型环卫服的舒适性进行评价。结果表明:相较普通环卫服而言,多季节适用型环卫服肩部和肘部的活动方便性显著提升;在高温环境下能显著降低局部皮肤温度和局部皮肤水汽压,热感、湿感和舒适感优势显著;在低温环境下能显著提高局部皮肤温度、保持适中的热感和舒适感,可以适应不同季节气候变化。

关键词: 环卫服, 工效性, 舒适性, 高温, 低温

Abstract:

In order to improve the adaptability of sanitation suits for seasonal changes and temperature differences between day and night, a multi-seasonal sanitation suit was developed by optimizing its opening mode and internal structure. Based on an evaluation of the ergonomics of the multi-seasonal sanitation suit, this paper adopted an artificial climate chamber to simulate high temperature (30°C) and low temperature (10°C) environments. A human dress experiment was carried out to evaluate the comfort of this new type of sanitation suit. The research results showed that compared with ordinary sanitation suits, the mobility of shoulders and elbows of the proposed multi-seasonal sanitation suit were significantly improved. In a high temperature environment, it can significantly lower local skin temperature and local skin vapor pressure, and has significant advantages in terms of thermal sensation, moisture sensation and comfort. In a low temperature environment, it can significantly increase the local skin temperature, maintain moderate thermal sensation and comfort, and adapt to climate changes in different seasons.

Key words: sanitation suit, ergonomics, comfort, high temperature, low temperature

中图分类号:

TS941.73

周倩雯, 何佳臻, 路紫荆, 卢业虎. 多季节适用型环卫服的研发与性能评价[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2022, 30(1): 185-193.

ZHOU Qianwen, HE Jiazhen, LU Zijing, LU Yehu. Development and performance evaluation of multi-seasonal sanitation suits[J]. Advanced Textile Technology, 2022, 30(1): 185-193.

图/表 15

表1 面料性能参数

Tab.1 Properties of the selected fabrics

样品名称	面料	平方米质量/(g·m^-2)	厚度/mm
环卫服用面料	70%聚酯纤维30%棉	200	0.58
夹袄层(绗棉)	涤纶长丝舒适层与喷胶棉绗缝	187	6.32

图1 环卫服款式

Fig.1 Styles of sanitation suits

表2 规格尺寸

Tab.2 Standard sizes

部位	胸围	肩宽	腰围	臀围	衣长	袖长	裤长	裤口
尺寸/cm	94.0	44.5	82.0	96.0	74.0	59.0	100.0	23.0

图2 服装方便性评价标尺

Fig.2 Appraisal scale for the convenience of clothing

图3 普通环卫服的操作方便性评价场景

Fig.3 Operational convenience evaluation scene of ordinary sanitation suits

图4 实验流程

Fig.4 Procedures

图5 舒适性评价实验场景

Fig.5 Comfortable evaluation experiment scene

表2 服装热湿舒适性7级评价标尺及其含义

Tab.3 7-level evaluation scale for thermal and moisture comfort of clothing and its meanings

性能	评分
性能	-3	-2	-1	0	1	2	3
热感	非常冷	冷	较冷	适中	较热	热	非常热
湿感	非常干燥	干燥	较干燥	适中	较潮湿	潮湿	非常潮湿
舒适感	非常不舒适	不舒适	较不舒适	适中	较舒适	舒适	非常舒适

表4 多季节适用型服装与对照服装的活动方便性评分结果

Tab.4 Scoring results of activity convenience of multi-season suitable clothing and control clothing

执行动作	多季节适用型(夏季配置)	多季节适用型(秋冬配置)	普通环卫服(对照)
穿上环卫服	0.17(0.27)	0.57(0.43)	-0.50(0.50)
手臂向前抬高至最大位置	0.40(0.31)	0.93(0.64)	-0.67(0.87)
手臂侧抬至最高位置	0.77(0.15)	0.63(0.47)	-0.73(0.84)
身体前倾至最低位置	1.00(0.00)	0.80(0.53)	-0.73(0.89)
肩部前后活动	1.33*(0.41)	0.73(0.48)	-0.47(0.29)
手肘上下活动	0.97*(0.09)	0.83*(0.50)	-0.60(0.46)
脚前后抬至最高位置	1.00(0.35)	0.90(0.67)	-0.50(0.50)
下蹲	1.20*(0.42)	0.93(0.52)	-1.03(0.75)
脱下环卫服	1.33(0.33)	1.13(0.47)	0.53(0.44)

图6 高温环境和低温环境下局部皮肤温度的变化曲线

Fig.6 Variation curve of local skin temperature in high temperature environment and low temperature environment

图7 高温环境和低温环境下局部皮肤水汽压的变化曲线

Fig.7 Variation curve of local skin water vapor pressure in high temperature environment and low temperature environment

图8 高温环境和低温环境下心率的变化曲线

Fig.8 Variation curve of heart rate in high temperature environment and low temperature environment

图9 高温环境和低温环境下热感评价变化曲线注:*表示P为0.05 时,与对照服装间有显著性差异

Fig.9 Variation curve of thermal evaluation in high temperature environment and low temperature environment

图10 高温环境和低温环境下湿感评价变化曲线注:*表示P为0.05时,与对照服装间有显著性差异

Fig.10 Variation curve of humidity evaluation in high temperature environment and low temperature environment

图11 高温环境和低温环境下舒适感评价变化曲线注:*表示P 为0.05 时,与对照服装间有显著性差

Fig.11 Variation curve of comfort evaluation in high temperature environment and low temperature environment

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