关键词: 多纤维精梳, 分离牵伸工艺, 优化设计, 响应面分析法, 条干

Abstract: Using cotton combers to process cotton-type chemical fibers can effectively reduce coarse and fine slubs, neps, and unevenness in yarn, while enhancing the softness, resilience after compression, and surface friction properties of the fabric. Therefore, employing blended fiber combing technology to spin high-quality yarn and produce fabric products holds significant market potential. In the multi-fiber blended combing process, the separation and joining stage in the comber is crucial, involving a drafting process similar to that in the drawing frame. During separation and joining, the drafting force and the gripping force at the roller nip need to be coordinated. When the combing material changes, the separation drafting force changes accordingly. If the gripping force at the roller nip fails to adapt to changes in the drafting force, additional unevenness may arise during the drafting process, or the fiber web may tear or break. The comber's separation and drafting process is as follows: the nipper carries the fiber bundle combed by the cylinder to move towards the separation roller's nip. When the head end of the fiber bundle enters the separation nip, the separation drafting begins. When the nipper reaches its foremost position and no new fibers enter the separation nip, the separation drafting ends. To enhance the separation and joining quality during the combing of multiple fibers and to reduce fiber web breakage and tearing, it is necessary to optimize the key process parameters that affect the drafting force during the separation and joining process. Taking polyester, cotton, and viscose fibers as raw materials, a blended fiber sliver is prepared after blending the card sliver. The response surface methodology is employed to establish a model for the coefficient of variation (CV) of sliver evenness in the combing process. The three key process parameters—fiber sliver weight, separation roller pressure, and overlap scale—are experimentally designed and optimized. The results show that the fiber sliver weight, separation roller pressure, and overlap scale all have a significant impact on the CV value of the combed sliver evenness. Among them, fiber sliver weight exhibits the greatest influence, followed by separation roller pressure, with overlap scale having the least impact. When the fiber sliver weight is set at 62.3 g/m, the separation roller pressure at 4.4 bar, and the overlap scale at -0.32, the model predicts the CV value for sliver evenness of 4.56%. Experimental validation yields a CV value for the combed sliver evenness of 4.58%, demonstrating a negligible difference between the measured and predicted values, thus confirming the validity of the regression model. The separation drafting process affects the unevenness of the multi-fiber blended combed slivers. Through the experimental research and analysis of this article, the quadratic regression model of the CV value of the combed sliver is obtained, validating the effectiveness and practicality of optimizing the parameters of the separation drafting process. This provides certain reference for setting the process parameters of separation drafting in multi-fiber blended combing. Future research can further expand the types of fibers, explore the interactions of more process parameters, and investigate their applicability under different equipment and raw material conditions. This will further optimize the combing process, improve the quality of yarns and fabrics, and expand their applications in the field of high-end textiles.

Key words: multi-fiber combing, separation drafting process, optimal design, response surface analysis, evenness