关键词: 聚丙烯, TPEE, 喷胶复合, 工艺优化, 断裂强力, 透湿性, 复合面料

Abstract: With the frequent occurrence of public health incidents and increasing industrial safety requirements, the demand for particulate protective clothing has grown significantly. Traditional hot-press lamination processes exhibit notable drawbacks: molten hot-melt adhesives tend to clog fabric pores, reducing moisture permeability, and the process requires high heat resistance from raw materials, limiting material choices. This study aims to address pore clogging through process innovation and develop protective fabrics with both high strength and high moisture permeability. This paper adopted a spray adhesive compounding method, using polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric as the substrate and a TPEE membrane as the waterproof and moisture-permeable layer, to systematically optimize three key process parameters: surface pressure, adhesive amount, and spray gun height. Single-factor experiments determined the parameter ranges: surface pressure below 0.16 MPa caused fabric wrinkling, while that above 0.24 MPa led to curling; adhesive amounts exceeding 2.0 g/m² resulted in adhesive bleeding; spray gun height was set between 55‒75 mm. Based on these findings, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental design was implemented using an L₉(3³) orthogonal array. Multi-objective optimization was conducted through analysis of variance, least squares regression, and the Pareto optimality criterion. The innovations of this study include: the first systematic application of spray adhesive compounding to the industrial production of protective fabrics; the introduction of the Pareto optimality criterion to balance multiple objectives—breaking strength, peel strength, and moisture permeability; and the establishment of a process parameter-performance mathematical model system to provide predictive tools for production. The results show that breaking strength is mainly influenced by spray gun height and the interaction between adhesive amount and surface pressure; peel strength is primarily determined by adhesive amount and spray gun height, with significant second-order interactive effects; moisture permeability is largely controlled by spray gun height and the interaction between surface pressure and adhesive amount. The regression models demonstrate high predictive accuracy, with adjusted R² values of 0.922, 0.802, and 0.957 for breaking strength, peel strength, and moisture permeability, respectively. Pareto optimization yielded the optimal process parameters: a surface pressure of 0.20 MPa, an adhesive amount of 2.0 g/m², and a spray gun height of 75 mm. Under these conditions, the composite fabric achieved a breaking strength of 61.05 N, a peel strength of 3.0 N, and a moisture permeability of 5,019.93 g/(m²·24h), all exceeding relevant national standards. This study verifies the effectiveness of the spray adhesive compounding method in resolving pore clogging while maintaining bonding strength. The established models provide a theoretical basis for industrial production. The method and models can also serve as a reference for the process optimization of other functional composite textiles. Future research may further explore the compatibility between substrates and functional membranes, as well as fabric durability and environmental adaptability, to promote the industrialization of high-performance protective fabrics.

Key words: polypropylene, TPEE, spray adhesive compounding, process optimization, breaking strength, moisture permeability, composite fabric