关键词: 结构仿生, 微结构, 孔径梯度结构, 湿度响应, 热湿耦合

Abstract: Against the backdrop of global climate warming, frequent extreme high-temperature weather poses severe challenges to regulating human thermal and moisture comfort. Due to their unique advantages in bionic structural design, structure-bionic textiles have been widely used in various fields, including clothing, healthcare, wellness, and personal protection. This paper reviews the research progress of structural bionic design in the field of textile thermal and moisture management. It delves into the functional mechanisms of thermal and moisture regulation in flora and fauna in nature, and summarizes both domestic and international studies on structural biomimicry in textile thermal management, moisture management, and their synergistic regulation. It systematically examines the research advances in the bionic design and performance optimization of multi-scale structures, including fibers, yarns, and fabrics, and conducts a forward-looking discussion on future trends in this field. In the study of thermal management, based on thermal regulation mechanisms in flora and fauna such as the scale structure of butterfly wings, the hollow hair structure of polar bears, and the micro-macro hierarchical pore systems of camel hair, research has been categorized on bionic temperature-regulating textiles based on microstructures, multi-level porous structures, and hierarchical pore-size gradient structures. The influencing factors, such as the morphological characteristics of bionic materials and heat transfer pathways are analyzed. In the study of moisture management, based on moisture regulation mechanisms in flora and fauna such as the structure of spider silk, the leaf structure of mimosa, and the micro-nano dual-roughness structure of lotus leaves, research is categorized on bionic moisture-regulating textiles featuring unidirectional moisture-wicking structures, humidity-responsive structures, and superhydrophobic structures. The factors influencing moisture transfer and its related responses are analyzed. In the study of thermal-moisture coupling management, research is conducted separately on bionic thermal-moisture coupling textiles, such as superhydrophobic photothermal surface structures, sweat gland duct structures, and stomatal opening-closing structures. The influencing factors under the synergistic effects of heat and moisture have been analyzed. In the future, the field of structural bionic textiles for thermal and moisture regulation still faces several key scientific issues and technical challenges that need to be addressed. Currently, the primary challenges for structural bionic textiles include limited material diversity and selectivity, high complexity in replicating structural designs, and constraints in multi-scenario applications. The limitations in materials can be addressed through synergistic design, integrating material properties with structural forms to optimize both material composition and performance alongside structure, so as to achieve efficient integration of specific functions. Sustainable processing innovations, such as micro-nano structure replication, multi-material gradient manufacturing, adaptive assembly, and composite forming, can be adopted to overcome the constraints of traditional manufacturing on structural complexity and material compatibility, enabling precise alignment of "structure-function-material." To support cross-domain integration and multi-scenario adaptability, optimized designs can break the limitation of single functions for single scenarios. Inspired by biological "multi-functionality in a single organ," modular designs and sensor-driven intelligent perception technologies can be leveraged to achieve adaptability in complex environments, ensuring that thermal and moisture management textiles maintain high performance. Only through systematic breakthroughs in these challenges can the field of structural bionic textiles for thermal and moisture regulation advance toward high-quality innovation, ultimately providing more competitive technical solutions for ensuring human thermal and moisture comfort.

Key words: structural bionics, microstructure, pore size gradient structure, humidity response, heat and moisture coupling