Abstract: A bulletproof vest is a type of protective equipment designed to shield the human body from injuries caused by bullets, fragments, stab wounds, and other hazards. Bulletproof vests are widely used not only in military and policing applications but also play a crucial role in daily security, among journalists, and in other high-risk situations. As the demand for personal safety protection increases, the application scope of bulletproof vests has gradually expanded, driving continuous research and technological advancements in this field. However, traditional bulletproof vests suffer from issues such as heavy weight, limited flexibility, and discomfort when worn for extended periods, which restricts their effectiveness in practical applications. Therefore, improving wearing comfort without compromising protective performance is a key focus of current research.
Pressure comfort is an important factor in measuring the wearing comfort of clothing. To enhance the pressure comfort for wearers, research into the comfort of wearing bulletproof vests is conducted from the perspective of clothing design. Firstly, the priority levels for protecting vital human organs are determined, and the size of the bulletproof layer is designed based on the distribution of these vital organs and their relationship with the human body. Secondly, the style of the bulletproof vest's outer cover is designed according to the functional requirements of the vest and the needs of human movement. Then, orthogonal experiments are conducted to study the effects of narrow shoulder width, belt width, and waist dart allowance on the pressure comfort of bulletproof vests. Clothing CAD software is used to draw the structural and pattern diagrams of the bulletproof vest. The patterns are then imported into a 3D modeling software. Before simulation, the virtual mannequin is adjusted to the specified dimensions, and the physical properties of the fabric are set to values close to those of real fabric. The patterns are virtually sewn together according to the actual stitching relationships of the bulletproof vest. In order to avoid penetration issues, the simulation is carried out sequentially from inside to outside according to the actual hierarchical relationship of the bulletproof vest. Finally, the pressure is measured according to the position of the pressure measurement point, and the sample vest is made to verify the accuracy of the simulation. 
Results show that the narrow shoulder width, belt width, and waist dart allowance all have significant impacts on the pressure comfort of men's soft bulletproof vests, with narrow shoulder width showing the most significant effect (p-value of 0.003). As narrow shoulder width and belt width increase, the overall pressure value exhibits a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the waist dart allowance negatively correlates with the overall pressure value. The factors' order of influence is narrow shoulder width > waist dart allowance > belt width, and the optimal combination is a narrow shoulder width of 10 cm, belt width of 21.5 cm, and waist dart allowance of 9 cm. To verify the accuracy of the 3D modeling software, prototype vests are produced and actual pressure measurements are taken, revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.879 between virtual and actual pressure, with a significance level of 0.001. This study provides reference for improving the comfort of protective gear and offers theoretical support for further structural optimization of bulletproof vests.

Key words: three-dimensional modeling, soft bulletproof vests, structural factors, pressure comfort

摘要： 为了提升防弹背心的舒适性，根据男士人体重要器官的分布对防弹层的尺寸进行设计，通过三维建模技术研究小肩宽、腰带宽度、腰围省量对软质防弹背心压力舒适性的影响。结果表明：小肩宽、腰带宽度和腰围省量对防弹背心的压力舒适性的影响均达到了显著水平，影响程度由大到小依次为小肩宽、腰围省量、腰带宽度，尺寸最优组合为小肩宽10 cm，腰带宽度21.5 cm，腰围省量9 cm。通过制作样衣并进行压力测试，验证了三维建模的有效性。研究结果能够为改善防弹背心舒适性提供有效参考。

关键词: 三维建模, 软质防弹背心, 结构因素, 压力舒适性