Abstract: Triboelectric nanofiber‑based pressure‑sensing yarns demonstrate broad application prospects in healthcare monitoring, human motion capture and smart home interaction systems due to their efficient biomechanical energy collection, sensitive posture perception and excellent flexibility. However, current triboelectric sensing systems are prone to interference from tensile strain and environmental factors e. g. temperature/humidity during practical pressure detection, causing significant signal distortion. This critical bottleneck severely restricts their large‑scale deployment in wearable scenarios. An ideal flexible pressure sensor must combine superior stretchability, biocompatibility and mechanical stability to accommodate dynamic human contact, while crucially maintaining pressure signal independence and accuracy under high‑strain conditions. Nevertheless, existing sensors often exhibit signal crosstalk induced by multi‑physics coupling effects e. g. triboelectric‑mechanical interplay during stretching, further exacerbating application constraints and demanding targeted breakthroughs. To effectively address the aforementioned technical challenges, this paper innovatively proposes a design scheme for triboelectric nanofiber sensing yarns that integrates a core‑sheath separation structure and an embedded helical configuration. During the preparation process, firstly conjugate electrospinning technology is employed to coat polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nylon 11 (PA‑11) nanofiber layers with outstanding triboelectric properties onto the surface of highly conductive silver‑plated nylon filaments, constructing core‑sheath structured single yarns; subsequently a precision twisting process is adopted to fabricate twisted yarns for enhanced structural stability and triboelectric response efficiency; differential wet spinning technology is utilized to uniformly encapsulate the twisted yarns in a highly elastic polyurethane matrix, forming one‑dimensional sensing units with a self‑assembled helical configuration. This core design efficiently activates the triboelectric effect under compression via the twisted structure while the embedded helical configuration buffers mechanical stress and maintains structural integrity under tensile deformation, thereby achieving effective decoupled transmission of pressure and strain signals. Experimental test results show that the as‑prepared triboelectric nanofiber sensing yarns exhibit excellent comprehensive performance, their breaking elongation exceeds 400%, within the tensile strain range of 0‑100%, the strain interference suppression rate remains stably above 98%, which can effectively shield the interference of tensile conditions on pressure detection, presenting outstanding anti‑tensile‑interference performance and stable reliable pressure‑response characteristics. This study not only provides an efficient material platform and key technical route for the next generation of highly robust wearable sensing systems but also offers important technical insights and theoretical support for the development of anti‑interference sensing systems in smart wearable devices.

Key words: flexible sensor, triboelectric nanogenerator, TENG, electrospinning, anti?stretch interference, nanofiber?coated yarn

摘要： 纳米纤维摩擦电纱线在能量收集和运动监测领域应用广泛,然而在压力检测过程中,因应变及环境干扰引起的信号失真,严重制约了其实际应用价值。 提出一种基于皮芯分离与内置螺旋结构的抗干扰摩擦电压力传感纱线的设计策略,结合共轭静电纺丝和差速湿法纺丝技术,在 PVDF/ PA-11 共轭纳米纤维合股纱表面包覆聚氨酯壳层,制得具有抗拉伸形变的摩擦电纳米纤维传感纱线,通过扫描电子显微镜观察纤维形貌,并测试了该传感纱线的力学性能、压力灵敏度及不同拉伸应变下的电学响应特性。 结果表明:该传感纱线在 0% ~ 100%拉伸下表现出显著的电信号抑制特性(应变干扰抑制率大于 98%),同时保持优异的机械性能(断裂伸长率大于 400%)及稳定的压力信号输出。 研究结果可为智能可穿戴设备抗干扰传感系统的开发提供重要的技术参考。

关键词: 柔性传感器, 摩擦纳米发电机, 静电纺丝, 抗拉伸干扰, 纳米纤维包芯纱