Abstract: Driven by the dual demands of wearable hyperthermia and real‑time information interaction, a one‑step embroidery‑only strategy that simultaneously achieves low‑voltage Joule heating and pixel‑level thermochromic display is proposed to overcome the uneven heating, poor breathability and easy delamination of conventional electrothermal films or coated fabrics. With 210 D silver‑plated polyester conductive yarn as both top and bottom threads, subsequently replaced by 31 ℃ pink‑to‑white thermochromic yarn for the display top thread, 5×5, 6×6 and 7×7 arrays of three‑dimensional spherical bulges were embroidered on a 40 mm×40 mm non‑woven substrate via computerized embroidery. A 0.065 mm copper foil was adhered to the sample's back to establish a row‑column addressing circuit and electrothermal‑chromic performance was evaluated under 3‑7 V DC using an infrared thermal imager. The 7×7 array exhibited a resistance of 44.7 Ω and reached a steady‑state temperature of 59.6±0.5 ℃ after 480 s at 7 V with a power density of 687 W/m². The 5×5 array with a resistance of 33.2 Ω achieved a peak temperature of 92.6±0.5 ℃ at 7 V and a power density of 923 W/m². The 6×6 array with a resistance of 39.4 Ω stabilized at 70.7±0.5 ℃ with a power density of 778 W/m². Throughout the test, temperature increased linearly with the square of the applied voltage, showing no hysteresis or drift. During 4 V heating/cooling cycles, all samples reached their maximum temperature within 60 s and cooled to 23 ℃ within 70 s. Stepwise heating from 3‑7 V showed monotonically increasing plateau temperatures at each voltage level with clear thermal gradients among samples of different densities. The 7×7 sample underwent five on‑off cycles at 4 V, 5 V and 6 V with the first and fifth cycles overlapping perfectly. Bending the sample along either the transverse or longitudinal direction causes only negligible resistance fluctuation, remaining close to the initial value. Infrared thermal images revealed that heat initially concentrated at the three‑dimensional spherical bulges and then spread uniformly across the substrate. For display samples with copper foil attached to the back, activating single points, multiple points or entire rows/columns caused only the intersecting protrusions to heat. At 31 ℃, the pink front surface instantly turned white, enabling controllable color switching in a 7×7 pixel matrix. The three‑dimensional embroidery structure integrates conductive paths and thermochromic pixels into one, delivering uniform cyclic electrothermal output and a visual dot‑matrix display at safe voltages ≤7 V. The process is fully compatible with existing computerized embroidery production lines, offering a low‑cost scalable route for smart thermotherapy garments, rehabilitation patches and wearable dynamic signage.

Key words: electrothermal textile, three?dimensional embroidered structure, silver?plated conductive yarn, Joule heating effect, thermochromism

摘要： 为满足智能可穿戴热管理领域对多功能柔性加热器件的需求,采用镀银导电纱线作为面线与底线,以无纺布为基布,设计并制备了一种基于三维刺绣结构的电热纺织品,并对其进行电热性能及其稳定性分析。 为实现可视化屏显功能,将面线替换为热致变色纱线,并结合铜箔电路设计,还设计并制备了一种矩阵式电热纺织品,并进行分区域加热测试。 结果表明:所制备的电热纺织品展现出优异的电热性能,在较低电压(≤7 V)下即可实现快速升温,表面平均温度可达 92 ℃ ,具备优异的热响应速度与均匀的热分布特性。同时,该结构表现出低能耗、可控性强及优异的循环稳定性。 通过调控刺绣密度,可有效调节其电热性能与热分布行为,实现不同应用场景下的温度需求。 所制备的矩阵式电热纺织品可实现分区域加热并实现屏显功能。 研究结果可为多功能电热纺织品在个人热管理与智能显示领域提供新的设计思路,展现出良好的应用潜力与推广前景。

关键词: 电热纺织品, 三维刺绣结构, 镀银导电纱线, 焦耳热效应, 热致变色