Abstract: To address the long‑standing issues of high impact, high wear and the difficulty in achieving both high energy transfer efficiency and high impact strength in the weft insertion mechanism of shuttle looms, this study innovatively proposed a dimensionless parameter—the cosine coupling coefficient C of the shuttle insertion pressure angle.This study first established a dynamic analytical model with coefficient C as the core variable based on the classical impact theory by equating the oblique impact between the shuttle rotor and the shuttle nose to a two‑mass collision model concentrated at the contact point. Through theoretical derivation, explicit expressions for the impact impulse \(\int P\mathrm{d}t\), post‑impact velocities \(u_1\) and \(u_2\), effective impact force component \(P_\mathrm{e}\) and kinetic energy transfer efficiency \(\eta\) were obtained. The model parameters were derived from the precise measurement of a 1515K‑135 type shuttle loom weft insertion mechanism used for denim weaving, with the measurement conducted using a RoyalArm RA325 portable three‑coordinate measuring arm to ensure the geometric accuracy of the model. Based on the derived explicit expressions, the regulation law of coefficient C on the performance of the weft insertion mechanism was revealed through numerical analysis: ① in terms of impact load, the effective impact force component \(P_\mathrm{e}\) monotonically increases with the increase of C value, indicating that a higher C value intensifies the impact; ② as for motion performance, the velocity \(u_2\) transferred to the shuttle nose shows good kinetic energy transfer efficiency around \(C=0.889\), while the rebound velocity \(u_1\) of the shuttle rotor decreases with the increase of C, which is beneficial for smooth operation; ③ with regard to energy efficiency, the kinetic energy transfer efficiency \(\eta\) monotonically decreases with the increase of C value, indicating that high impact load and high transfer efficiency cannot be achieved simultaneously.To verify the correctness of the theoretical model, a rigid‑flexible coupling multi‑body dynamics simulation model was established in the ADAMS software. Simulations were conducted under three center shaft rotation speeds of 125, 150 and 175 r/min, and the impact impulse and shuttle rod angular velocity response data were extracted from the simulation results for quantitative comparison with theoretical predictions. The results showed that the relative error between the theoretical value of the impact impulse and the average value of the simulation was within 15%, the error between the theoretical prediction of the peak angular velocity of the shuttle rod and the simulation result was less than 7%. These results verified the reliability and engineering applicability of the theoretical model from the perspectives of momentum transfer and motion response.Through theoretical modeling and simulation verification, this study for the first time integrated the geometric effects of the two independent pressure angles of the shuttle rotor and the shuttle nose into a unified parameter C, and quantitatively revealed its regulation mechanism on the impact dynamics of the weft insertion mechanism. The research conclusion indicates that coefficient C is an important design parameter. In practical engineering optimization, there is no need to precisely pursue the extreme value of C, but rather to make trade‑offs within the range of C less than a certain extreme value point (in this model \(C<0.889\)) based on different emphases on low impact, high efficiency or low rebound. This provides theoretical guidance and parameterized design paths for achieving multi‑objective optimization of the performance of the weft insertion mechanism in shuttle looms.

Key words: weft insertion mechanism, impact dynamics, picking pressure angle, cosine coupling coefficient, multibody dynamics simulation, rigid?flexible coupling

摘要： 为了解决有梭织机引纬机构长期存在的高冲击、高磨损以及能量传递效率与冲击强度难以兼得的问题。 基于经典撞击理论进行引纬机构动力学分析,并提出了一个核心设计参数———投梭压力角余弦耦合系数;进而,建立了以该系数为核心的引纬机构碰撞动力学模型,推导出撞击冲量、运动响应、有效冲击力及动能传递效率的显式表达式。 最后,通过 ADAMS 平台构建了相应的刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真模型,对理论模型进行了多工况验证。 结果表明:理论模型与仿真结果吻合良好;该系数的增大将单调加剧速度方向上的冲击载荷,并使动能传递效率单调下降,而该系数存在特定值使得运动响应速度获得最佳的动能输出。 文章将传统依赖经验的参数调整转化为对该系数的调控与多目标权衡,可为引纬机构的优化设计提供理论工具与可行的工程路径。

关键词: 引纬机构, 碰撞动力学, 投梭压力角余弦耦合系数, 多体动力学仿真, 刚柔耦合