关键词: 刺体状, 分级结构, 多孔二氧化硅, 吸附, 牛血清白蛋白, 有机染料

Abstract: "Porous materials, due to their unique structural advantages, hold broad application prospects in diverse fields such as adsorption and separation, as well as catalysis. Taking the field of adsorption as an example, the multi-scale hierarchical pore structure (including micropores, mesopores, and macropores) directly determines the adsorption efficiency of materials. Nevertheless, existing porous materials suffer from drawbacks such as a single pore structure, complex pore size regulation processes, and difficulties in mass production, making them challenging to apply in practical scenarios. Consequently, there is an urgent demand to develop porous adsorbent materials with a hierarchical pore structure, a simple synthesis process, and high efficiency and cost-effectiveness for applications in the adsorption field. Porous silica (SiO2), as an important class of porous adsorbent materials, has garnered significant attention regarding the structure-activity relationship between its structural characteristics and adsorption properties. Its prominent advantages such as exceptionally high specific surface area, superior chemical stability and biocompatibility, and functionalizable modification of surface hydroxyl groups endow porous SiO2 with significant application potential in the field of adsorption. The adsorption properties of porous SiO2 for different substances can be further optimized by regulating its pore structure. Currently, porous SiO2 materials obtained using traditional preparation processes typically exhibit a single pore size distribution characteristic. The limitations of this pore structure make it difficult to achieve efficient synergistic adsorption of small-molecule dyes and large-molecule proteins in complex systems. To address the limitations of conventional porous SiO2 materials in complex adsorption systems, this study, inspired by the brochosome-shaped porous structure secreted by leafhoppers, employed the sol-gel method to prepare hierarchically porous brochosome-shaped silica microspheres (SiO2 BMs). The experimental system was optimized by adjusting process parameters such as the alcohol-to-water ratio and reaction temperature, which improved the yield of the one-step reaction synthesis product. Additionally, the adsorption selectivity and efficiency of SiO2 BMs towards complex systems, including organic dyes and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were systematically investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the alcohol-to-water ratio and reaction temperature significantly influenced the structural parameters of the hierarchically porous structure of SiO2 BMs. Optimizing the experimental parameters could increase the one-step reaction synthesis yield from the milligram scale (0.06 g) to the ten-gram scale (approximately 16 g). SiO2 BMs exhibited efficient adsorption properties for both organic dyes and BSA. Before calcination, CTAB-containing SiO2 BMs were positively charged and showed significant adsorption efficiency for anionic dyes. After calcination, the strongly electronegative SiO2 BMs exhibited a notably improved adsorption effect for Rhodamine B (a cationic dye), with the adsorption efficiency increasing from 58.93% to 97.05%. These findings demonstrate the unique structural advantages of SiO2 BMs in the field of adsorption and can provide reference for the structural design and adsorption function optimization of porous SiO2."

Key words: brochosome-shaped, hierarchical structure, porous SiO2, adsorption, bovine serum albumin, organic dye