关键词: 三轴系纺纱, 包芯复合纱, 主成分分析, 工艺优化, 阻燃

Abstract: "In recent years, with the continuous progress of spinning technology and the diversification of people's living needs, textiles with a single function have struggled to meet market demands. As a result, composite yarns have emerged, which achieve multi-functionality and high performance by combining fibers with different characteristics. In the field of fire resistance and flame retardancy, composite yarns are not only widely used in traditional fire-resistant and thermal insulation clothing but are also gradually penetrating various emerging fields such as home furnishings, automobile interiors, and protective equipment. To prepare a flame-retardant composite yarn with excellent basic properties and functionalities, this paper explores various aspects such as raw material selection, process configuration and parameter optimization, attempting to provide solutions for the development of a new flame-retardant composite yarn. By employing triaxial spinning technology, flame-retardant acrylic fiber slivers undergoing drafting treatment were twisted and combined with basalt filaments fed via a guide roller at the front roller nip. As a result, a novel flame-retardant acrylic/basalt filament core-spun composite yarn was developed. Compared with conventional ring spinning, this method not only effectively reduced yarn hairiness but also significantly improved yarn evenness. The process utilized fluffy and soft flame-retardant acrylic staple fibers as outer sheath components while feeding both basalt filaments and flame-retardant acrylic roving simultaneously into the spinning frame. In order to investigate the optimal process parameters, a single-factor three-level experimental design was implemented to examine three variables: roving feed spacing, spinning twist level, and outer sheath-to-core ratio. Nine distinct core-spun yarn variants were produced accordingly. Subsequently, their performance was tested, and the results revealed that all the processes had an impact on the yarn quality. Finally, in order to find an optimal spinning process, the statistical method of principal component analysis was used to optimize the nine groups of yarns. Through analysis and calculation using SPSS software, the final principal component scores for each process configuration were obtained. The analysis results showed that the optimal process conditions comprised: 55 twists/10cm twist level, 65:35 outer sheath-core ratio, and 5mm roving spacing. The yarn produced under these conditions exhibited superior fundamental properties, functional performance, and high outer sheath coverage ratio. This study provides data and experimental support for the production and development of flame-retardant yarns. The research prospects for flame-retardant yarns are extensive, with potential for widespread applications across multiple fields through innovative spinning methods and diversified material configurations. The application fields of flame-retardant yarns continue to expand. The yarns prepared in this study, along with the optimized process parameters, are expected to provide reference value for this field and offer guidance for the production of triaxial core-spun yarns."

Key words: triaxial spinning, core-spun composite yarn, principal component analysis, process optimization, flame retardancy