关键词: 纳米纤维包覆纱, 静电纺丝, 喷气纺丝, 柔性传感器, 摩擦纳米发电机

Abstract: "Nanofibers, with their characteristics of high porosity and large specific surface area, demonstrate significant potential in various fields. By integrating nanofibers with traditional yarns, nanofiber-coated yarns (NCY) have been developed. They combine the structural advantages of nanofibers with the mechanical properties of conventional yarns, thereby optimizing their applications in areas such as flexible sensors, bioengineering, and thermal and moisture management. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods, structural characteristics, applications, and future challenges of NCY. The preparation of NCY primarily involves two steps: nanofiber production and coating. Common methods for nanofiber production include electrospinning and solution blowing. Electrospinning is widely used due to its versatility, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, and has given rise to techniques such as water bath electrospinning, self-assembly with auxiliary electrodes, air-assisted electrospinning, and conjugate electrospinning to meet specific structural requirements. Although solution blowing offers high production efficiency, it poses challenges in controlling the morphology of the nanofibers. In terms of applications, NCY shows broad prospects in the field of flexible sensors. Flexible sensors, composed of a flexible substrate and conductive materials, can detect environmental changes such as pressure, temperature, and humidity. With its high specific surface area, flexibility, and durability, NCY has been successfully integrated into capacitive, resistive, and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensors. In capacitive sensors, the layered structure of NCY allows it to serve simultaneously as an electrode and a dielectric layer, driving the development of highly sensitive and flexible sensors for applications in speech recognition and motion detection. In resistive sensors, NCY is employed to detect changes in resistance caused by external stimuli such as pressure, strain, and gases. The high specific surface area of the nanofibers enhances sensor sensitivity, while the mechanical properties of the core yarn improve durability. For instance, strain sensors based on NCY exhibit high sensitivity and a wide detection range, making them suitable for applications in health monitoring and robotics. In TENG sensors, the multi-layered structure and high specific surface area of NCY make it an ideal material. TENGs based on NCY can generate electricity from human motion, offering new possibilities for wearable electronic devices and self-powered sensors. Despite significant progress in the research of NCY, several challenges remain. Its production process is complex and costly, necessitating the development of more efficient and scalable manufacturing methods. Additionally, the integration of NCY into functional devices requires addressing issues of material compatibility and long-term stability. Future research should focus on optimizing the preparation processes and enhancing sensor performance, among other issues."

Key words: nanofiber coated yarns, electrospinning, jet spinning, flexible sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators