机织物/隔热涂层三明治结构复合材料的制备及红外隐身性能

doi:10.19398/j.att.202101025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为制备一种红外隐身复合材料,以低发射率机织物作为上下表层,隔热涂层作为中间层,采用热压工艺得到了一种三明治结构复合材料。其中低发射率机织物选取FDY涤纶长丝为经纱,镀银尼龙长丝为纬纱;隔热涂层选取表面改性的SiO₂气凝胶为功能填料,E51环氧树脂为成膜剂。对镀银纤维和SiO₂气凝胶颗粒的形貌结构、机织物的红外发射率、隔热涂层膜的导热系数、复合材料的红外隐身性能等进行了测试与分析,确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当SiO₂气凝胶粒径为15 μm、在涂层中的质量分数为12%时,涂层膜的隔热性能最好,导热系数低至0.05835 W/(m·K),同时对应复合材料的红外隐身效果最好,使用复合材料伪装热源目标并用热红外成像仪进行测试,可以得出材料表面与周围环境的图像灰度差和红外辐射温度差最小。

关键词: 低发射率机织物, SiO₂气凝胶, 隔热涂层, 三明治结构复合材料, 红外隐身性能

Abstract:

In order to prepare an infrared stealth composite material, a low-emissivity woven fabric is used as the upper and lower layers, a thermal insulation coating is used as the middle layer, and a composite material with sandwich structure is obtained through hot pressing process. Among them, the low-emissivity woven fabric takes FDY polyester filament as the warp yarn, and silver-plated nylon filament as the weft yarn; the surface-modified SiO₂ aerogel is selected as the functional filler for the thermal insulation coating, and E51 epoxy resin is the film forming agent. The morphology and structure of the silver-plated fiber and SiO₂ aerogel particles, infrared emissivity of the woven fabric, thermal conductivity of thermal insulation coating film, infrared stealth performance of the composite material, etc. are tested and analyzed, and the optimal process conditions are determined. The results show that when the particle size of the SiO₂ aerogel is 15 μm and the mass fraction in the coating is 12%, the thermal insulation performance of the coating film is the best, the thermal conductivity is as low as 0.05835 W/(m·K), and the corresponding composite material has the best infrared stealth effect. Using the composite material to camouflage a heat source target and testing with a thermal infrared imager, it can be concluded that the differences between the surface of material and the surrounding environment in terms of image grayscale and infrared radiation temperature are the smallest.

Key words: low emissivity woven fabric, SiO₂ aerogel, thermal insulation coating, composite material with sandwich structure, infrared stealth performance

中图分类号:

TS105.11

赵洪杰, 祝成炎, 金肖克, 翁小霞, 田伟. 机织物/隔热涂层三明治结构复合材料的制备及红外隐身性能[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2022, 30(1): 61-69.

ZHAO Hongjie, ZHU Chengyan, JIN Xiaoke, WENG Xiaoxia, TIAN Wei. Preparation of a composite material with woven fabric/thermal insulation coating sandwich structure and its infrared stealth performance[J]. Advanced Textile Technology, 2022, 30(1): 61-69.

图/表 12

表1 机织物的设计参数

Tab.1 Design parameters of woven fabrics

织物		纱线种类		织物密度/(根·(10cm)^-1)		织物紧度/%			组织
织物		经纱	纬纱	经向	纬向	经向	纬向	总紧度	组织
镀银织物	FDY涤纶长丝		镀银尼龙丝	1100	300	97.9	98.1	99.9	平纹
纯涤纶织物	FDY涤纶长丝		FDY涤纶长丝	1100	1100	97.9	97.9	99.9	平纹

图1 SiO2气凝胶改性前后的红外光谱图

Fig.1 Infrared spectra of SiO2 aerogel before and after modification

表2 不同涂层的工艺参数

Tab.2 Process parameters of different coatings

涂层编号	a1	a2	a3	b0	b1	b2	b3	b4
SiO₂气凝胶粒径/μm	15	50	100	15	15	15	15	15
SiO₂气凝胶的质量分数/%	9			0	3	6	9	12

图2 隔热涂层膜的制备过程

Fig.2 Preparation process of thermal insulation coating films

图3 三明治结构复合材料的结构

Fig.3 Sandwich structure composite structure

图4 三明治结构复合材料实物

Fig.4 Sandwich structure composite material

图5 镀银纤维和不同粒径SiO2气凝胶的表面形貌

Fig.5 Surface morphology of silver-plated fiber and SiO2 aerogel with different particle sizes

表3 机织物红外发射率的测试结果

Tab.3 Test result of infrared emissivity of woven fabric

织物样品	发射率			平均值
镀银织物	0.752	0.741	0.753	0.749
纯涤纶织物	0.824	0.831	0.828	0.828

图6 不同粒径SiO2气凝胶隔热涂层膜的导热系数

Fig.6 Thermal conductivity of SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation coating films with different particle sizes

图7 不同粒径SiO2气凝胶复合材料的红外热像图

Fig.7 Infrared thermal image of SiO2 aerogel composite with different particle sizes

图8 不同质量分数SiO2气凝胶隔热涂层膜的导热系数对比

Fig.8 Comparison of thermal conductivity of SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation coating films with different mass fractions

图9 不同质量分数SiO2气凝胶复合材料的红外热像图

Fig.9 Infrared thermal image of SiO2 aerogel composite with different mass fractions

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