基于纳米粒子改性短链含氟整理剂的棉织物拒水拒油整理

doi:10.19398/j.att.202105018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对长氟碳链聚合物带来的环境污染问题,利用细乳液聚合合成了六碳短链含氟丙烯酸酯乳液,并在聚合物体系中引入改性后的SiO₂来改善织物的整理效果。利用FTIR和DLS表征了聚合物乳液的结构和粒径分布,考察了不同条件下水、油接触角的变化趋势,表征了整理前后棉织物的结构组成、表面元素以及形貌变化,研究了棉织物的拒污性、耐水洗牢度以及物理力学性能在整理前后的变化。结果表明:当使用的氟单体质量分数为50%、烘焙温度为150℃、烘焙时间为150 s时,整理后织物表面的水接触角为147.9°、油接触角为141.2°,拒油等级能够达到3级,且整理后的棉织物具有一定的防污性,对多种液体具有良好的拒液性;织物在经过20次水洗后仍能保持较好的拒水拒油效果;织物的物理力学性能在整理前后变化不大,几乎不影响其服用性能。

关键词: 含氟丙烯酸酯, 细乳液聚合, 纳米SiO₂粒子, 拒水拒油, 棉织物

Abstract:

In view of environmental pollution caused by long fluorocarbon chain polymers, we prepared a six-carbon short-chain fluorinated acrylate emulsion by miniemulsion polymerization and introduced modified SiO₂ nanoparticles into the polymer system to promote the finishing effect of fabrics. The structure and particle size distribution of polymer emulsion were characterized by means of FTIR and DLS. The variation trend of water and oil contact angles under different conditions were investigated, and the changes in structural composition, surface elements and morphology of untreated and treated fabrics were characterized. The anti-fouling properties, water resistance, physical and mechanical properties of the cotton fabrics before and after finishing were discussed. The results indicated that when the mass fraction of fluorinated monomer used was 50%, the baking temperature was 150℃, the baking time was 150 s, the water contact angle on the surface of finished fabric was 147.9° and the oil contact angle was 141.2° and the oil repellency can reach level 3. In addition, the finished cotton fabric had certain anti-fouling property and good liquid repellency for a variety of liquids. The fabric can maintain good water and oil repellency even after 20 times of washing. The physical and mechanical properties of the treated fabric changed little before and after finishing, and the wearability was almost unaffected.

Key words: fluorinated acrylate, miniemulsion polymerization, nano SiO₂ particle, water and oil repellency, cotton fabric

中图分类号:

TS195.2

盛婷, 张佳文, 徐天祺, 胡叶蕾, 易玲敏. 基于纳米粒子改性短链含氟整理剂的棉织物拒水拒油整理[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2022, 30(2): 169-177.

SHENG Ting, ZHANG Jiawen, XU Tianqi, HU Yelei, YI Lingmin. Water and oil repellent finishing of cotton fabric based on short-chainfluorinated finishing agent modified with nanoparticles[J]. Advanced Textile Technology, 2022, 30(2): 169-177.

图/表 11

图1 聚合物乳胶膜的红外光谱图

Fig.1 FTIR spectrum of polymer emulsion film

图2 共聚物乳液粒径分布

Fig.2 Particle size distribution of copolymer emulsion

图3 氟单体质量分数对棉织物接触角的影响

Fig.3 The effect of fluorine monomer mass fraction on the contact angle of cotton fabric

表1 不同氟单体质量分数对乳胶膜表面自由能的影响

Tab.1 The effect of different fluorine monomer mass fractions on the surface free energy of latex film

编号	氟单体质量分数/%	接触角/(°)			表面自由能 /(mN·m^-1)
编号	氟单体质量分数/%	H₂O	CH₂I₂	Farmamide	表面自由能 /(mN·m^-1)
1	10	99.5	78.2	94.0	21.68
2	20	104.8	89.3	96.2	13.24
3	30	106.8	95.3	96.5	12.05
4	40	109	97.1	102.0	10.14
5	50	110.9	98.0	103.6	9.63
6	60	113.5	100.2	104.5	9.18

图4 烘焙温度和烘焙时间对棉织物接触角的影响

Fig.4 The effect of baking temperature and baking time on the contact angle of cotton fabric

图5 原棉和整理后棉织物的FTIR光谱图和XPS能谱图

Fig.5 FTIR and XPS spectra of pristine cotton and finished cotton fabric

图6 原样和整理后棉织物的SEM图

Fig.6 SEM image of pristine cotton and finished cotton fabric

图7 整理后棉织物的拒水拒油性能

Fig.7 Water and oil repellency of finished cotton fabric

图8 整理前后棉织物的拒液性照片

Fig.8 Liquid repellency photos of pristine cotton and finished cotton fabric

图9 水洗次数对织物接触角的影响

Fig.9 The effect of washing times on the contact angle of cotton fabric

表2 原棉和整理后棉织物的物理力学性能变化

Tab.2 Changes in physical and mechanical properties of pristine cotton and finished cotton fabrics

织物	透气率/(mm·s^-1)	透湿量/(g/m²·h)	断裂强力/N		折皱回复角/(°)
织物	透气率/(mm·s^-1)	透湿量/(g/m²·h)	经向	纬向	急弹	缓弹
原样	94.33	115.79	497	309	122.2	149.7
整理后棉织物	81.28	109.28	511	249	133.6	182.1

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