关键词: 生物基化学纤维, 环境影响, 生命周期评价, 生物碳核算方法

Abstract: Chemical fibers, as the most used fiber raw material for textile and apparel products, are obtained from petroleum, and the overuse of petroleum resources and excessive emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) have brought about a series of resource and environmental problems. Therefore, in order to reduce the dependence on fossil resources and to address global environmental issues and climate change, bio-based chemical fibers have become one of the raw materials of choice for future development as an alternative to petroleum-based fibers. Bio-based chemical fiber textiles are somehow considered as green fiber products in academic and industrial circles; however, there is no systematic analysis of accounting and evaluation of their environmental attributes.
Therefore, this paper systematically studied 2,382 related papers between January 2010 and June 2022 using statistical measures and content analysis, finding that the majority of existing studies focus on the development and performance of bio-based chemical fiber materials, with only eight papers using the LCA method to calculate the seven types of fibers: viscose, Lyocell, modal, bio-based PET, PTT, PLA, and synthetic spider silk. Among the eight papers, 87.5% of the research literature involves one or two stages of the product life cycle, of which the boundary from raw materials (planting) to fiber manufacturing account for the highest percentage (75%), followed by fiber production to waste disposal (37.5%), without involving the whole life cycle assessment. The accounting indicators focus on the global warming potential and acidification potential, and the bio-carbon storage accounting methods are still controversial, with different calculation methods yielding diametrically opposed results. The evaluation results indicate that bio-based chemical fibers are better than petroleum-based ones in terms of resource consumption and toxicity risk, but they may also have problems such as increased water pollution, increased land use, and impact on ecosystem quality. The environmental impact of bio-based chemical fibers in the production process is not significantly different from that of traditional petroleum-based chemical fibers and is mainly influenced by their different biological sources.
In general, there are large research gaps in the environmental impact accounting and evaluation of bio-based chemical textiles, and the existing research findings are not enough to prove the green attributes of bio-based chemical textiles. As for such questions as whether bio-carbon should be accounted for in bio-based chemical fibers and how to define the duration of carbon sequestration, it is suggested to determine the bio-cabron accounting method for this category according to the application areas of bio-based products. It is suggested that future life cycle assessment of bio-based chemical textiles in a broader consumer context and practical applications should be conducted on a multidimensional level.

Key words: biobased chemical fibers, environmental impacts, life cycle assessment, biogenic carbon storage