关键词: 高速织机, 吸能减振, 阻尼结构, 拓扑优化, 材料插值模型

Abstract: Since high-speed weaving machines and other textile equipment usually have heald frames, shells and other ultra-large flat and shell components, its large radiation area and small damping characteristics make it more likely to generate vibration noise under external excitation, and it takes a longer time to reduce vibration, so the research and control of high-speed weaving machine vibration have become an urgent technical problem in the textile industry. At present, the combination of topology optimization technology to promote the intelligent and optimal design of energy-absorbing components of the textile equipment shell is extremely beneficial to the healthy and green development of the textile industry.
To achieve the performance requirements of structural load-bearing and energy-absorbing and to effectively achieve structural lightweight, we proposed the design method of energy absorption and vibration damping of constrained damped plate and shell structure for the vibration characteristics of high-speed weaving machine plate and shell structure. Since the energy absorption and damping performance of the plate and shell structure are closely related to the distribution of damping materials, the combination of the topology optimization technology can improve the inherent characteristics of structures to achieve the effect of damping and energy absorption, and achieve the efficient and high-precision lightweight structural design. In practical engineering applications, viscoelastic damping materials are usually completely coated and bonded to the surface of the structure, which can convert the vibration energy into heat consumption as the strain of the damping material lags behind the stress under the action of vibration. This type of free damping method that completely covers the damping material does not give full play to the shear energy dissipation ability of the material. In order to further improve the energy absorption capacity of the damping layer, we added a constraint layer on the surface of the damping material to further improve the energy absorption capacity by using the shear energy dissipation of the damping material, proposed a topology optimization method for the energy-absorbing damping plate shell structure, constructed a finite element model of the constrained damping plate, and introduced an intrinsic structure relationship complex model and an elastic material dynamics model in detail. On this basis, the constrained damping structure was optimized by using matlab software. Taking 40%, 50% and 60% of the total coverage of the constrained damping as the constraint conditions, and taking the maximization of the first-order modal loss factor as the optimization objective, a clearer topological configuration could be obtained under different volume constraints. The light weight of the structure was achieved while the energy absorption performance of the structure was improved. We further explored the influence of penalty factor selection on the optimized structure, and set different penalty factor combinations with a volume constraint of 50%. With the increase of the stiffness penalty factor p, the topological configuration becomes increasingly clear and compact, while the damping consumption factor decreases; with the increase of mass penalty factor q, the loss factor of the structure slightly decreases. Therefore, the p value set at 2 and 3 is appropriate. In other cases, if the appropriate penalty factor is set according to the optimized model, the best topology can be obtained.
Therefore, in combination with topology optimization technology, structures with better inherent characteristics and vibration damping capacity can be obtained under the condition of high damping material utilization. Designing the layout of damping materials on the surface of plate and shell type structures to absorb and dissipate their vibration energy becomes the key to the design of vibration suppression of textile equipment such as high-speed looms.

Key words: high-speed loom, energy absorption and vibration damping, damping structure, topology optimization, material interpolation model