关键词: 调温保温织物, 聚乙二醇, 相变气凝胶, 涂层法, 热管理

Abstract: With the development of society, people often work and live in the environment with changeable temperature. To maintain the balance of human body temperature, the common practice is to use large-scale refrigeration or heating devices in buildings. The energy utilization rate of such devices is low, which inevitably causes a lot of waste. The emergence of thermal management technology is crucial to improve personal thermal comfort and reduce building energy consumption. Thermo-regulated textiles can directly adjust the body temperature balance through fabrics, alleviate energy waste and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Such a fabric with special functions can adjust the body temperature to a comfortable range according to the human environment. Although great progress has been made in thermo-regulated textiles, the functions of temperature regulation and heat preservation are often realized separately. Phase change fabrics can only regulate temperature, and aerogel fabrics can only keep heat, which cannot meet the actual requirements of dynamic changing thermal environment.
To realize the dual function modification of temperature regulation and heat preservation of fabrics, this study organically combines phase change materials and aerogels, and applies them to fabrics, giving them good thermal management capabilities. Firstly, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the phase change component to design crosslinked polyacrylamide and graphene dual network carriers, and dual network phase change aerogels were prepared by in-situ solution polymerization. Then, using self-made phase change aerogels as a modifier, the cotton fabric was treated with coating method to obtain a thermo-regulated and heat preservation fabric. By adjusting the mass ratio of phase change aerogels to waterborne polyurethane, the optimal process of the fabric was obtained.
Phase change aerogel (PCM) bifunctional materials were prepared by one-step method. The dual network skeleton did not lose its rich pore structure due to the solid loading of PCM, and the PCM still had high latent heat of phase change. The phase change aerogel bifunctional material was finished on the surface of the cotton fabric by coating finishing method, which successfully gave the fabric outstanding thermal management effect of both temperature regulation and heat preservation, and low cost, simple operation, high addition of functional materials and little impact on the original characteristics.
It is found that there is no chemical reaction between the phase change aerogel and the fabric molecules, and the phase change aerogel is finished on the fabric surface by physical adhesion, forming a functional film on the fabric surface. The melting enthalpy of the finished fabric is 58.34 J/g, the melting temperature ranges from 29.81 ℃ to 55.03 ℃, the crystallization enthalpy is 53.89 J/g, the crystallization temperature ranges from 21.59 ℃ to 35.12 ℃, and the phase change temperature regulation ability is remarkable. It has a certain delay effect on temperature rise, a good thermal insulation ability when cooling, and shows a good temperature control effect.
The dual-functional temperature-regulating thermal insulation fabric prepared can avoid high-temperature burns by adjusting the temperature in high temperature environment, and can save heat to avoid sudden cooling in cold environment. Such a fabric is expected to provide ideas for the development of more adaptive professional textiles and clothing to solve the biggest personal comfort problem under harsh conditions.

Key words: temperature-regulated insulation fabric, polyethylene glycol, phase change aerogel, coating method, thermal management