关键词: 聚乳酸, 合成方法, 可降解纤维, 纳米填料, 复合材料

Abstract: Traditional petroleum-based plastics, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), can be seen almost everywhere in our life. However, the overwhelming majority of the billions of tons of plastic produced worldwide ultimately ends up in landfills or natural environments, with only a tiny fraction being incinerated or recycled. As plastic consumption continues to increase, so does its production, leading to a more severe issue of "white pollution" and raising concerns about the extensive use of oil resources. With the growing awareness of environmental protection, polylactic acid, a biodegradable plastic made from renewable resources, is widely used to replace traditional plastics due to its excellent degradation performance.
The polylactic acid industry is also developing with the increasing proportion of biodegradable plastics in the market. Polylactic acid is made from renewable resources like corn and potatoes, making it fully biodegradable and biocompatible. Therefore, in the field of life medicine, polylactic acid is often used as a medical dressing or drug carrier. With good mechanical and physical properties, polylactic acid is suitable for thermoplastic, blow molding, and other processing methods. It can not only become one of the most suitable bio-based plastics to replace traditional plastics, but also be used in packaging, agriculture, and other fields. Polylactic acid nanocomposites, with nanofillers like stone carbon nanotubes as the reinforcement, effectively improve the mechanical properties of polylactic acid, even reduce the resistivity, and expand the application of polylactic acid in engineering fields, such as sensors, electromagnetic waves, and so on. Moreover, by strengthening and toughening polylactic acid, polylactic acid nanocomposites can be used as scaffolds or composite membranes and other applications in life medicine.
At present, polylactic acid nanocomposites have great advantages. The excellent performance of nanofillers can effectively improve the mechanical properties, crystallinity, and toughness of polylactic acid, and expand its application in packaging, engineering, agriculture, and other fields. Although a large number of valuable studies have been carried out on polylactic acid nanocomposites, the current research on them is still faced with problems of poor compatibility between the nano-filler and polylactic acid, uneven dispersion or functional endogeneity of the nanocomposites. Consequently, it is necessary to speed up the research on the interface and dispersion of polylactic acid nanocomposites and to promote the research and development of functional polylactic acid nanocomposites.

Key words: polylactic acid, synthetic method, degradable material, nanofiller, composite