关键词: 涤纶织物, 减量率, 增塑剂, 促进剂, 协同作用

Abstract: As one of the main synthetic fibers, polyester has the characteristics of excellent abrasion resistance, wrinkle recovery, and elasticity, and is irreplaceable in the garment industry. Currently, the alkali reduction process has become an important processing step in improving the quality of polyester, but this step has several drawbacks, such as high alkali consumption, difficulties in processing, high energy consumption, severe environmental pollution, and considerable fabric damage.
This paper focused on the study of alkali deweighting of polyester fibers, aiming to address the high alkali and energy consumption, and significant environmental pollution issues present in the traditional alkali deweighting process. Combined with previous research findings, this study used octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (accelerator 1827) and benzyl alcohol as plasticizers, intending to increase the alkali deweighting rate of polyester fabrics through the synergistic effect of the accelerator-plasticizer combination. This, in turn, would reduce the required NaOH dosage, thereby reducing environmental pollution and minimizing production costs while ensuring the alkali deweighting effect on polyester fabrics. Experimental results showed that the addition of accelerator 1827 and benzyl alcohol significantly increased the alkali deweighting rate of polyester fabrics. Compared to a 10.0 g/L NaOH dosage, when the benzyl alcohol volume ratio in the treatment solution was 10%, and the concentration of accelerator 1827 was 2.0 g/L, the alkali deweighting rate of polyester fabrics increased from 6.3% to 34.9%, nearly an increase of 4.5 times, surpassing the deweighting rate (22%) at 35.0 g/L NaOH concentration. Thus, a high deweighting effect was achieved at a lower NaOH mass concentration, significantly reducing alkali usage and environmental pollution. Comprehensive tests of fabric properties showed that polyester fabrics treated with the accelerator-plasticizer synergy exhibited notably improved hydrophilicity, and the whiteness showed few changes, favoring subsequent dyeing and finishing processes.
In conclusion, this paper successfully demonstrates that by regulating the concentration and usage ratio of the plasticizer and accelerator, the alkali deweighting rate of polyester can be significantly improved while production costs and environmental damage are lowered. This discovery not only has important implications for enhancing the production efficiency and environmental friendliness of polyester fabrics, but also offers a new technical path for the green and sustainable development of polyester pre-treatment processes.

Key words: polyester fabric, deweighting rate, plasticizer, accelerator, synergistic effect