基于反应型低共熔溶剂的真丝织物改性及其性能

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 印染废水污染是制约纺织行业可持续发展的重要瓶颈之一，在开发新溶剂的同时实现织物高效加工改性是驱动纺织业升级转型的有效路径。以甜菜碱（Bet）/乳酸（LA）低共熔溶剂为真丝织物改性反应的溶剂兼反应原料，对真丝织物进行季铵化改性，对比考察了传统加热和微波加热方式对酰胺化反应效率的影响，并对改性样品的形貌、结构和染色性能等进行分析。结果表明：微波加热反应效率高，仅需15 s便可实现真丝织物季铵化改性；改性后纤维表面粗糙度轻微增加，结晶度由71.57%升至78.57%，拉伸断裂强度提升2.8%；织物表面电荷从−26.35 mV增加到5.57 mV，促使织物上染率提高58倍，最佳染色工艺条件下K/S值由0.08提升至4.07，透气和吸湿性变化不明显。该研究可为真丝织物改性和低共熔溶剂组分多功能应用提供新的理论依据。

关键词: 真丝织物, 低共熔溶剂, 微波加热, 季铵盐改性, 染色性能

Abstract: Dyeing wastewater pollution is one of the important bottlenecks that restrict the sustainable development of the textile industry. Promoting the development of green solvents and achieving efficient modification are an important pathway for the green transformation of the textile industry. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have low cost, easy preparation, and good biodegradability, making them promising in extraction and catalysis fields, but there is limited attention to the functional application of DES components. In this study, a low eutectic solvent composed of betaine (Bet) and lactic acid (LA) was used as both the reaction solvent and reactant for the modification of silk fabrics. The effects of traditional heating and microwave heating on the reaction efficiency were compared, and the morphology, structure, and dyeing properties of the obtained samples were analyzed. The results showed that microwave heating significantly improved the reaction efficiency, and the modified fabric obtained in 15 seconds exhibited characteristic peaks of C=O and CH3-N+ groups at 1,733 cm-1 and 1,475 cm-1 in the ATR-FTIR spectrum, as well as a new -CONH- peak at 1,650 cm-1. The XPS wide scan spectrum showed a shift and increased area of the C-N peak, as well as the appearance of the CH3-N+ group signal peak, confirming the successful introduction of betaine from the DES into the silk fabric. The modified fabric showed a slight increase in surface roughness, an increase in crystallinity from 71.57% to 78.57%, and a 2.8% improvement in tensile strength. The surface charge of the fabric increased from -26.35 mV to 5.57 mV, resulting in a 58-fold increase in dye uptake on the fabric, with the dyeing K/S value increasing from 0.075 to 4.071. The optimal dyeing process was determined as follows: Na2CO3 concentration of 2 g/L, dyeing temperature of 50 ℃, and dyeing time of 80 minutes. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the breathability of the modified fabric remained relatively unchanged, while the moisture absorption increased from 268.37% to 335.12%. This study provides a new scientific basis for the modification of silk fabrics and the multifunctional application of low eutectic solvent components.

Key words: silk fabric, deep eutectic solvent, microwave heating, quaternary ammonium salt modification, dyeing performance

中图分类号:

TS146

谢家灵, 杨晟, 付飞亚, 马廷方, 徐兆梅, 刘向东. 基于反应型低共熔溶剂的真丝织物改性及其性能[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2024, 32(3): 61-72.

XIE Jialing, YANG Sheng, FU Feiya, MA Tingfang, XU Zhaomei, LIU Xiangdong. Study on silk fabrics modified with reactive deep eutectic solvents and their dyeing properties [J]. Advanced Textile Technology, 2024, 32(3): 61-72.

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