关键词: 人体热舒适, 个体冷热调节服装, 冷却系统, 新型纺织品, 智能调节, 电加热

Abstract: Adjusting the temperature and humidity of the microenvironment between the human body and clothing can effectively enhance thermal comfort and improve work efficiency in extreme temperature environments. Moreover, it offers significant advantages in terms of building energy efficiency. To further advance the application and progress of personal thermal regulating clothing in enhancing human thermal comfort and improving building energy efficiency, this paper systematically introduced the classification, characteristics, and current research progress of various types of personal thermal regulating clothing, including personal cooling clothing, personal heating clothing, and dynamically regulated clothing. The paper also summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different types of personal thermal regulating clothing, and conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis to propose potential future development directions for this type of clothing.
Personal cooling clothing encompasses three primary categories: active, passive, and hybrid cooling ones. Compared to active cooling garments, liquid cooling clothing (passive cooling) has higher cooling efficiency and is suitable for individuals with greater cooling needs. Hybrid cooling clothing, which combines two or more cooling mediums, can provide superior cooling effects in dynamically changing high-temperature environments. In comparison to single cooling mediums, hybrid cooling demonstrates more significant cooling effects and thermal comfort. Future research and development should concentrate on enhancing the cooling efficiency of cooling clothing, improving garment portability, and fostering sustainable energy practices. This involves exploring lighter materials and higher energy-density batteries. Additionally, integrating solar panels into clothing design should be considered to save energy consumption and achieve sustainable development. In the development of personal heating clothing, electric heating clothing has gained widespread attention from researchers due to its advantages of being lightweight, thin, washable, and having high heating efficiency. With the advancement of heating technology, further exploration is needed to enhance the heating efficiency of heating fabrics in low-temperature environments and to implement various drive energy technologies to meet heating demands in diverse scenarios. Additionally, there should be exploration into the smart development of heating clothing by incorporating sensors or intelligent control systems to achieve precise temperature regulation and personalized heating control, so as to cater to the heating needs of different individuals. In recent years, new types of personal thermal regulation clothing that can dynamically adjust between heating and cooling have also been developed, capable of rapidly responding to real-time changes in human physiology and the environment. These textiles can monitor real-time changes in human physiology and the environment, providing rapid responses. However, in practical applications, the complex manufacturing processes and high production costs of these garments limit the possibility of mass production. Furthermore, there is a need to further improve the efficiency of heating and cooling and enhance dynamic response rates. 
In summary, the future development of personal thermal regulation clothing should focus on innovation and advancements in garment portability, efficient energy conversion, intelligent applications, and sustainable development.

Key words: human thermal comfort, personal cold and heat regulating clothing, cooling systems, new textiles, smart regulation, electric heating