关键词: 熔体纺丝工艺, 差别化纤维, 异形纤维, 非织造材料, 应用

Abstract: To improve the problems of product homogenization, low added value and performance homogenization in the fiber market, it is imperative to conduct relevant research on fiber profilization technology. Melt spinning, an efficient and environmentally friendly fiber production technique, proves suitable for industrial-scale manufacturing of profiled fibers. The melt spinning process's fiber profilization technology is comprehensively analyzed from various perspectives. Firstly, we provide a detailed introduction to the principles of melt spinning and specialized equipment used for producing profiled fibers while emphasizing the pivotal role played by profile spinnerets in the production process. Subsequently, we present an overview of profiled fibers along with enumerating their cross-sectional shapes and characteristic features. Additionally, we describe the fiber profiled technology in detail, focusing on the profiled spinneret method, the bulking and sticking method, the composite fiber processing technology and the micro-nano stacking technology. Furthermore, we present an overview of the recent status and research findings pertaining to these technologies.
After the implementation of fiber profiling technology, profiled fibers exhibit distinctive characteristics, rendering them suitable for diverse applications. For instance, in the field of moisture-absorbing and quick-drying materials, Yang et al. developed a moisture-absorbing and quick-drying fabric using polylactic acid as a raw material by using profile spinnerets, and the special-shaped  fibers effectively enhanced the hygroscopic properties of the fabric. In terms of thermal materials, Jia et al. combined polyethylene hollow fibers with polyacrylonitrile nanofibers through electrospinning technology to construct a stable porous structure that exhibits exceptional thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, in the domains of air filtration, oil-water separation, and sound absorption materials, the intricate three-dimensional structure, large specific surface area, good adsorption properties and high porosity inherent in nonwoven materials enable further optimization by incorporating the characteristics of profiled fibers. For example, Zheng et al. employed a combination of spunbond mesh process and thermal phase separation to prepare C-shaped polypropylene spunbond nonwoven material featuring submicron holes, and this material demonstrated excellent reusability performance in oil-water separation.
Finally, the development of profiled fibers is prospected. According to the current situation of fiber special-shaped technology, we put forward four research directions. Firstly, it is necessary to expand the application fields of fiber special-shaped technology in combination with nonwoven mesh technology to promote its further development. Secondly, in the future technology development and industrialization trend, it is an important direction to combine and innovate fiber special-shaped technology with nonwoven fixed network technology. Thirdly, it is necessary to research and develop  green polymer slicing to promote the environmental development of fiber raw materials. Finally, profiled fibers are applied in the field of nonwoven wipes, and product performance is optimized to improve competitiveness. By continuously promoting the development of fiber special-shaped technology, more innovation and development opportunities can be brought to various industries.

Key words: melt spinning process, differential fiber, profiled fiber, nonwovens, application