Abstract: Polyurethane, abbreviated as PU, is a polymer material formed by the addition polymerization of isocyanates and polyhydric alcohols. It is widely used in the field of textiles. Since DuPont achieved industrial spinning production of PU materials in 1959, PU-based elastic fibers have been significantly applied in in high-end clothing chemical fiber fields such as outdoor clothing, sportswear, swimwear, and casual wear. PU materials are not only equipped with excellent mechanical strength, elasticity and abrasion resistance, but also show good interfacial adhesion ability. In the technological innovation of intelligent textile and clothing, PU materials play an increasingly important role, promoting the development of smart wearable clothing.
The various applications of PU materials in the field of intelligent textile and clothing focus on shape memory fibers, conductive sensing fabrics and environmentally responsive textiles. Shape memory PU-based fibers utilize temperature and humidity changes to achieve morphological memory, and are widely used in wrinkle-resistant, non-ironing, and waterproof apparel. Conductive sensing fabrics are prepared through methods such as coating, doping spinning, electrospinning, and blended weaving, achieving integrated electronic skin and health monitoring functions. Environmentally responsive PU-based fabrics, on the other hand, have been applied in clothing that adapts to different environmental conditions by introducing light responsive, pH responsive, humidity responsive, and heat responsive units. This article also explores the application of PU-based multifunctional coatings in flame retardancy, antibiosis, radiational cooling, and leatherette imitation, demonstrating the important role of PU materials in promoting the development of intelligent textiles.
In recent years, the continuous innovation of PU-based materials and intelligent machining technology has facilitated the development of intelligent textile and clothing. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, excellent mechanical strength, and good interfacial adhesion properties of PU-based materials have shown great potential in the processing of shape memory fabrics, smart wearable apparel, environmentally responsive fabrics, and multifunctional textile apparel. However, there are still challenges in integrating intelligent PU-based fibers and functional coatings into daily clothing in a low-cost, sustainable, and batch-processable manner. In future research, it is necessary to focus on the industrial validation of PU-based intelligent textiles, comprehensively evaluate their wearability, and accelerate the synthesis of biomass PU and the development of green PU-based textiles to achieve the vision of smart living.

Key words: polyurethane, intelligent, textiles, fibers, coatings

摘要： 聚氨酯（PU）作为一种结构可调、力学性能优异且具备生物相容性的高分子材料，在智能纺织服装领域展现出广泛的应用潜力。综述了近年来PU基纤维和功能涂料在形状记忆、智能传感、环境响应、医疗防护等智能纺织品中的研究进展，探讨了其制备方法、作用机制及应用性能，指出了PU基智能化纺织品存在的问题，并展望了未来可持续、低成本PU基智能纺织品的研究方向。综述发现，PU基智能材料在纺织品的智能化和多功能集成方面具有独特优势，尤其在可穿戴技术、健康监测及环境响应等应用中展现了重要价值。

关键词: 聚氨酯, 智能化, 纺织品, 纤维, 涂料