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Research and application progress of nanofiber-coated yarns in the field of flexible sensors WANG Xiaohu, BAO Anna, HONG Jianhan Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (10): 21-29.   DOI: 10.12477/j.att.202501010 Abstract （1109）      PDF （13856KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save Nanofibers, with their characteristics of high porosity and large specific surface area,significant potential in various fields. By integrating nanofibers with traditional yarns, nanofiber-coated yarns(NCY) have been developed. They combine the structural advantages of nanofibers with the mechanical properties of conventional yarns, thereby optimizing their applications in areas such as flexible sensors, bioengineering, and thermal and moisture management. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods,structural characteristics, applications, and future hallenges of NCY The preparation of NCY primarily involves two steps: nanofiber production and coating. Common methods for nanofiber production include electrospinning and solution blowing. Electrospinning is widely used due to its versatility, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, and has given rise to techniques such as water bath electrospinning. self-assembly with auxiliary electrodes, air-assisted electrospinning, and conjugate electrospinning to meet specific structural requirements. Although solution blowing offers high production efficiency, it poses challenges controlling the morphology of the nanofibers. In terms of applications, NCY shows broad prospects in the field of flexible sensors. Flexible sensors, composed of a flexible ubstrate and conductive materials,Call detect environmental changes such as pressure, temperature, and humidity. With its high specific surface area, flexibility, and durability, NCY has been successfully integrated into capacitive, resistive, and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensors. In capacitive sensors, the layered structure of NCY allows it to serve simultaneously as an electrode and a dielectrie layer, driving the development of highly sensitive and flexible sensors for applications in speech recognition and motion detection. In resistive sensors, NCY is employed to detect changes in resistance caused by external stimuli such as pressure, strain, and gases. The high specific surface area of the nanofibers enhances sensor sensitivity, while the mechanical properties of the core yarn improve durability. For instance, strain sensors based on NCY exhibit high sensitivity and a wide detection range, making them suitable for applications in health monitoring and robotics. In TENG sensors, the multi-layered structure and high specific surface area of NCY make it an ideal material. TENGs based on NCY can generate electricity from human motion, offering new possibilities for wearable electronie devices and self-powered sensors. Despite significant progress in the research of NCY, several challenges remain. Its production process is complex and costly, necessitating the development of more efficient and scalable manufacturing methods. Additionally, the integration of NCY into functional devices requires addressing issues of material compatibility and long-term stability. Future research should focus on optimizing the preparation processes and enhancing sensor performance, among other issues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of polyurethane materials in the field of new intelligent textile and clothing YAO Yi, JIN Zimin, MENG Ranju, GAO Huiying Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (05): 10-21.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250502 Abstract （1045）      PDF （10428KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save Polyurethane, abbreviated as PU, is a polymer material formed by the addition polymerization of isocyanates and polyhydric alcohols. It is widely used in the field of textiles. Since DuPont achieved industrial spinning production of PU materials in 1959, PU-based elastic fibers have been significantly applied in in high-end clothing chemical fiber fields such as outdoor clothing, sportswear, swimwear, and casual wear. PU materials are not only equipped with excellent mechanical strength, elasticity and abrasion resistance, but also show good interfacial adhesion ability. In the technological innovation of intelligent textile and clothing, PU materials play an increasingly important role, promoting the development of smart wearable clothing. The various applications of PU materials in the field of intelligent textile and clothing focus on shape memory fibers, conductive sensing fabrics and environmentally responsive textiles. Shape memory PU-based fibers utilize temperature and humidity changes to achieve morphological memory, and are widely used in wrinkle-resistant, non-ironing, and waterproof apparel. Conductive sensing fabrics are prepared through methods such as coating, doping spinning, electrospinning, and blended weaving, achieving integrated electronic skin and health monitoring functions. Environmentally responsive PU-based fabrics, on the other hand, have been applied in clothing that adapts to different environmental conditions by introducing light responsive, pH responsive, humidity responsive, and heat responsive units. This article also explores the application of PU-based multifunctional coatings in flame retardancy, antibiosis, radiational cooling, and leatherette imitation, demonstrating the important role of PU materials in promoting the development of intelligent textiles. In recent years, the continuous innovation of PU-based materials and intelligent machining technology has facilitated the development of intelligent textile and clothing. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, excellent mechanical strength, and good interfacial adhesion properties of PU-based materials have shown great potential in the processing of shape memory fabrics, smart wearable apparel, environmentally responsive fabrics, and multifunctional textile apparel. However, there are still challenges in integrating intelligent PU-based fibers and functional coatings into daily clothing in a low-cost, sustainable, and batch-processable manner. In future research, it is necessary to focus on the industrial validation of PU-based intelligent textiles, comprehensively evaluate their wearability, and accelerate the synthesis of biomass PU and the development of green PU-based textiles to achieve the vision of smart living. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of hot pressing process for e-PTFE film laminated composite fabrics using response surface methodology SONG Liwei , JIN Xiaoke, MIAO Yongda, LIU Xinyu, ZHU Chengyan, TIAN Wei Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 33-42.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250404 Abstract （687）      PDF （15026KB）（56）       Knowledge map    Save Nowadays, people mostly rely on air conditioners to maintain their thermal and moisture balance indoors. This method not only consumes a lot of energy, but also cannot meet the thermal and moisture comfort of the human body in outdoor environments. As a new type of functional textile, thermal and moisture management fabrics can effectively solve this problem. Currently, fabrics for thermal and moisture management are mainly used in hot environments, while there is little research on fabrics for use in cold environments, especially in winter outdoor sports. Thermal and moisture management fabrics should have two properties: on the one hand, they should be able to timely evacuate sweat generated by the human body, and on the other hand, they should have windproof performance. Therefore, laminated composite fabrics made with e-PTFE films that possess windproof, waterproof, and moisture-permeable properties have become a popular choice. To address the issue of fabricating fabrics with thermal and moisture management capabilities for winter outdoor sports, this paper mainly studies the hot pressing process of e-PTFE film laminated composite fabrics. A green and environmentally friendly PA hot melt adhesive film, which exhibits relatively uniform colloidal properties, is selected as the adhesive, and e-PTFE film serves as the intermediate functional film. Firstly, a single factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of hot pressing time, temperature, pressure, and adhesive amount on the properties of e-PTFE film laminated composite fabrics in the hot pressing process. The air permeability of the prepared e-PTFE film laminated composite fabrics was≤10 mm/s, indicating windproof performance. Moreover, with the increase of hot pressing time and temperature, the air permeability and peeling strength of the laminated composite fabrics showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; as the hot pressing pressure increased, the moisture permeability and peel strength of the fabric gradually decreased; as the amount of adhesive applied increased, the moisture permeability of the fabric gradually decreased, while the peeling strength increased instead. By analyzing the properties of e-PTFE film laminated composite fabrics, the ranges of hot pressing time, temperature, and adhesive amount were determined to be 10‒20 s, 140‒160 ℃, 5‒15 g/m2, and the hot pressing pressure was determined to be 0.5 MPa. Afterwards, a three-factor three-level response surface experiment was designed using the Box Behnken response surface methodology to obtain analysis of variance tables and response surface graphs. From the response surface graphs, it can be seen that the interaction between hot pressing time, temperature, and adhesive amount had a significant impact on moisture permeability and peel strength. Thus, the optimal hot pressing process for e-PTFE film laminated composite fabric was obtained, with a hot pressing time of 15 seconds, a hot pressing temperature of 150 ℃, an adhesive amount of 10 g/m2, and a hot pressing pressure of 0.5 MPa; the air permeability of the e-PTFE film laminated composite fabric obtained under this process condition was 1.96 mm/s, the moisture permeability was 5670.60 g/(m2·24h), and the peeling strength was 2.63 N. This paper studies the relationship between the hot pressing process parameters and the wind resistance, moisture permeability, and peeling strength of e-PTFE film laminated composite fabrics through response surface methodology, and obtains the optimal hot pressing process. At the same time, it lays the foundation for the subsequent use of hot pressing methods to prepare thermal and moisture management fabrics suitable for winter. These research results also provide reference for the preparation of laminated composite fabrics using e-PTFE films in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on low-salt and salt-free dyeing of cellulose fiber with reactive dyes ZHANG Hongjuan, WANG Huiqiang, SHEN Chuliang, WANG Jiping, CAO Jingpei Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 13-25.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250402 Abstract （491）      PDF （1530KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save When dyeing cotton fibers with reactive dyes in the traditional water bath system, a large number of neutral inorganic salts need to be added to address the charge repulsion between the dye anions and the fibers in order to improve the reactive dye utilization. At the same time, a large amount of alkali must be used to ensure that the reactive dye can fully covalently bond with the fibers. However, the large amount of inorganic salts will lead to super high salt content in the dyeing wastewater, which increases the difficulty and cost of post-processing. At the same time, inorganic salt has brought a great threat to the ecological environment and water resources. Therefore, the low-salt and salt-free dyeing technology has become a hot spot in the current printing and dyeing industry. In order to realize the clean dyeing process of cellulose fibers with water saving, energy saving, high efficiency and ecological protection, researchers have done a lot of work.  In this paper, the problems and limitations in the development of low-salt and salt-free dyeing technology were summarized from the development of new dye molecular structure (original structure modification and cationic reactive dyes), multi-functional substitute salts development and application, low-salt dyeing additives, cellulose modification, and non-aqueous medium dyeing technology. For the traditional water bath system, the modification of the reactive group, water-soluble group or chromophore on the structure of the existing reactive dyes, or the redevelopment of cationic reactive dyes, all have the problems of high cost, few categories, and incomplete chromatography. It is very low to realize salt-free and low-salt dyeing process as well as water saving and emission reduction by using other organic substitute salt, or crosslinking agent. Although widely studied cationic modification technology of cotton fabrics can reduce the dosage of inorganic salts, cationic modification and dyeing cannot be carried out in the same bath. This process requires pre-treatment of cotton fabrics, which has the problem of long process, high production cost, and difficulty in controlling the dyeing evenness. In addition, small bath ratio, electrochemical dyeing, and suspension dyeing have high requirements for dyes and poor universality. As for the new non-aqueous medium dyeing technology, the medium used in the early reported organic solvent dyeing technology is highly toxic and difficult to recover. While, the most reported supercritical CO2 dyeing cannot make cotton fibers swell, resulting in low dye adsorption rate and dyeing depth. In addition, the dyeing process needs to be completed under ultra-high pressure, which has the problems of low operational safety and high equipment cost.  At present, the non-aqueous medium dyeing technology using high boiling point D5 as the medium has achieved remarkable results. But this technology also needs special dyeing equipment (dyeing, recycling, etc.) in the early stage, and the investment cost is high. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an economical, universal, water-saving, and emission-reducing non-aqueous medium dyeing technology in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on fabric-based wearable ECG electrodes HOU Jinli, ZHENG Junjie, WANG Chenxiao, Xiong Fan, YANG Chaoran, LI Yunfei, FAN Mengzhao Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 92-104.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250411 Abstract （390）            Knowledge map    Save The initial use of ECG recordings involved opaque carbon electrodes. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), carbon fiber electrodes were introduced to reduce image distortion while simultaneously recording ECG and thoracic impedance. Advances in wearable technology have driven the development of novel ECG electrodes based on textile substrates, which combine nanomaterials and wireless systems to achieve high-quality signal acquisition. The application of new materials, such as gecko-inspired conductive dry adhesives and 3D-printed electrodes, has made ECG monitoring more reliable in various environments. Additionally, innovative electrode technologies, such as stretchable conductive fabrics, electrogel electrodes, hydrogel electrodes, fabric microneedle electrodes, and polymer conductive adhesives , have begun to emerge. Selecting suitable conductive materials is crucial in the preparation of fabric electrodes. These materials mainly include conductive fibers, metal nanowires, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, and conductive inks. Conductive fibers offer flexibility, metal nanowires provide high conductivity, carbon-based materials combine lightness with strength, conductive polymers are easy to process, and conductive inks are ideal for printing complex patterns. By employing techniques such as knitting, weaving, embroidery, and electrospinning, various high-conductivity fabric electrodes can be designed. Woven fabrics offer high strength and stability, making them suitable for creating structurally demanding conductive fabrics. Knitted fabrics have good elasticity and breathability, making them ideal for flexible and close-fitting conductive fabrics. Embroidered fabrics allow for the design of intricate electrode patterns, while nonwoven fabrics are suitable for producing soft and breathable conductive fabrics. Additionally, physical and chemical modifications can enhance conductivity, waterproofing, and wear resistance. Methods such as in-situ polymerization, chemical plating, electroplating, surface spraying, and plasma modification can improve the conductivity and stability of fabrics. Moreover, fabric electrodes must meet testing standards for comfort, breathability, durability, waterproofness and sweat resistance to ensure effective transmission of cardiac signals, guaranteeing long-term use, and maintaining good conductivity and structural integrity even after multiple washings and prolonged use. Research advancements in fabric ECG electrodes include ECG sensor-based electronic textiles, ECG flexible electronic system design, self-powered wearable ECG, and ECG algorithm optimization. ECG sensor-based electronic textiles can integrate various sensors, such as ECG, body temperature, and motion sensors, enabling the simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological parameters and providing more comprehensive health monitoring data. ECG flexible electronic systems use technologies such as flexible circuits and batteries, making the entire system lighter and more conforming to the body's curves, providing a more comfortable wearing experience. Self-powered wearable ECG systems include energy harvesting, energy management, and real-time ECG monitoring. The ECG algorithm is optimized for the characteristics of wearable devices to improve the accuracy of ECG signal acquisition and data processing efficiency, reduce noise and artifacts, and improve the reliability and accuracy of ECG monitoring. The development of fabric ECG electrodes has not only improved the portability and comfort of ECG monitoring but also brought new possibilities for health monitoring and medical diagnostics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of odor fingerprinting technology in textile testing WU Wei, WU Jiayao, CHEN Jiahua, ZHENG Jingjing Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (05): 1-9.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250501 Abstract （357）      PDF （4439KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Accurate identification of textile odor is important for regulating the market and monitoring the printing, dyeing and finishing processes of production. Traditional detection methods face many challenges, and odor fingerprinting technology has become a cutting-edge detection technology due to its objectivity, reliability and high reproducibility. This technique not only efficiently detects the volatile components of samples but also facilitates rapid, non-destructive, and accurate analysis of characteristic odorants. This paper reviews the basic principles of odor fingerprinting technology and its application in textile testing, ultimately aiming to provide novel insights and ideas for textile odor detection. Odor fingerprinting technology mainly includes electronic nose technology and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electronic nose, as a bionic detection tool, can fully capture the odor characteristics of the sample and quickly analyze the odor components through the gas sensor array, which is suitable for textile fiber identification, volatile organic gas detection and textile fragrance persistence assessment. GC-MS integrates the advantages of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and is widely used in the identification of textile odors, evaluation of deodorization performance, and detection of chemical residues. However, the accuracy of GC-MS depends on sample pretreatment techniques, such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and headspace solid-phase microextraction. In this paper, the relevant studies and results of these techniques are summarized. In addition, new techniques such as headspace gas-phase ion mobility spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry have been used for textile odor analysis, providing new perspectives for the identification of odor components. Current research in odor fingerprinting technology focuses on the improvement of electronic nose sensor arrays and sample preparation methods for textile volatile compounds. Electronic nose sensors have been enhanced by increasing sensor types and optimizing materials to improve detection sensitivity, while GC-MS is mainly used to detect residual compounds in textiles, such as printing and dyeing auxiliaries, pesticide residues and flame retardants. Although odor fingerprinting technology has been applied in textile odor detection, it still faces challenges such as complex data classification and insufficient characterization of feature information. In the future, there is a need to  further develop the odor fingerprint database, systematically classify textiles, and establish standardized methods to ensure the consistency and comparability of odor data. Due to the complexity of odor formation, it is necessary to comprehensively use multidimensional analysis techniques to comprehensively reveal the chemical composition of odors. With the development of computer technology, a variety of data processing methods can be employed to achieve feature extraction and pattern recognition of large-scale odor fingerprint data, so as to deeply analyze the patterns and characteristics of odor fingerprint data. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of textile materials with negative Poisson's ratio YANG Ruihua, HUA Yuzhu Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 1-12.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250401 Abstract （316）      PDF （15082KB）（150）       Knowledge map    Save Textile materials with negative Poisson's ratio structures have excellent shear resistance, energy absorption, and fracture resistance, and they are cost-effective compared to other materials with negative Poisson's ratio structures. Therefore, the auxetic textile materials have aroused the interest of many scholars. To further promote the research and application of textile materials with negative Poisson's ratio, this article systematically introduces the different auxetic principles of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional auxetic textile materials and summarizes their existing problems.  The research on auxetic yarns with a negative Poisson's ratio is based on the helical structure core-spun yarn, and the auxetic effect is achieved by the position exchange between components in the yarn. Its production equipment mainly includes ring spinning machines, weaving machines, hollow spindle, or simple wrapping mechanisms. Due to the influence of the helical structure, the end of the auxetic yarns is prone to untwisting and deformation, resulting in the loss of the auxetic effect. To solving this problem, it is necessary to develop more novel structures and preparation methods. There are two main ways for two-dimensional fabrics to produce auxetic effects: one is to weave fabrics with yarns with a negative Poisson's ratio; the other is to use ordinary yarns and choose appropriate yarn arrangement to weave two-dimensional fabrics with negative Poisson's ratio effect. As the yarn with a negative Poisson's ratio needs to be arranged straight in the fabric to produce a good auxetic effect, it is only applied in auxetic woven fabrics. In addition, knitted fabrics can achieve different negative Poisson's ratio structures through flexible yarn arrangement. The negative Poisson's ratio structures formed are mostly concave and rotating structures. Therefore, when designing and manufacturing two-dimensional fabrics with a negative Poisson's ratio, it is necessary to carefully consider and evaluate factors such as yarn properties and fabric structure design in order to develop optimal auxetic performance for the textile materials. Three-dimensional fabrics are very popular in composite materials, and the addition of auxetic effect further improves the mechanical properties and energy absorption performance of 3D fabrics. Different from the previous two textile materials, three-dimensional auxetic fabrics can produce auxetic effects both inside and outside the plane. Warp knitted three-dimensional auxetic fabrics typically use concave and rotating structures; the three-dimensional auxetic knitted fabric is mainly characterized by the folding structure; the three-dimensional woven auxetic fabric utilizes binder yarns to form a negative Poisson's ratio structure.  In recent years, despite the numerous studies on negative Poisson's ratio textile materials and their extensive potential applications, the exploration of these materials has remained focused on the basic protective properties. Few studies have successfully combined their advantages with other fields and put them into practical use. In addition, integrating the advantages of negative Poisson's ratio textiles into practical production for rational product design is also a bottleneck that needs to be overcome. For example, if special properties such as self-driving, sensing, and thermal management can be endowed to auxetic textiles, it will greatly broaden their development path. In summary, the development of auxetic textiles should focus on exploring new application areas and practical applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in application of intelligent shear stiffening gel composites YANG Dan, LIU Shengdong, CHANG Hao, YAO Gaozheng, ZHANG Weitian Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 16-26.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250303 Abstract （293）      PDF （6262KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save With the progress of society and the times, various public transportation and high-rise buildings in cities have developed rapidly. The frequency of low-speed impacts such as falling objects and car collisions has also increased, posing economic and life-threatening risks to people. Therefore, there is an urgent need for protective equipment that can effectively resist the destructive effect of low-speed impact. Traditional protective materials are generally made of metals or high-strength ceramics. Due to their heavy weight and high stiffness, these materials lack flexibility and ductility, making it difficult to provide adequate protection for joint areas such as arms and legs. Therefore, the research and application of lightweight and flexible impact-resistant materials have become important topics in safeguarding people's lives. The development of impact-resistant materials has gone through many stages, from the initial hard materials such as steel plate and aluminum alloy plate to the later more lightweight and efficient materials such as EVA, EPS and EPP. These materials exhibit good flexibility under low strain rates but demonstrate high stiffness under high strain rates, effectively absorbing and distributing impact energy to reduce harm to the human body. Shear Stiffening Gel (SSG), as a kind of intelligent shear hardening material, has the characteristics of dynamic weak cross-linking bond, nonlinear mechanical behavior and high energy dissipation efficiency. Upon impact, it can rapidly harden to absorb impact energy and then revert to its original state after the impact, demonstrating self-healing properties. Due to its unique strain rate sensitivity and shear hardening characteristics, SSG exhibits broad application prospects in various fields such as protective equipment, sensors and dampers. The introduction of different functional particles into SSG's multifunctional composites not only enhances its multifunctionality but also provides rigid support to the matrix, effectively mitigating the cold flow phenomenon of SSG. SSG composites have potential advantages in the fields of energy dissipation and protection, and the stability and impact resistance of SSG can be effectively improved through various composite structure designs. These studies have demonstrated the benefits of SSG composites with different structures in energy dissipation within the realm of protection. Moreover, they have opened up new possibilities for the application of SSG in fields such as personal protection, artificial intelligence, military security, and healthcare, showcasing its immense scientific value and application prospects as an intelligent impact-resistant material. Exploring the mechanical properties of SSG and the principles behind it is essential to drive continued innovation in SSG applications. This article reviews the preparation techniques and mechanical properties of SSG, and analyzes the latest advancements in its functional improvements and practical applications. At the same time, the challenges in the research of SSG materials are also pointed out, and the development prospects of SSG materials are prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of the fluid flow pattern in slot die coating process HONG Haobin, ZHANG Hengkuan, ZHANG Xianming Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 75-82.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250409 Abstract （289）      PDF （6923KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save The slot die coating is widely utilized in fabric coating and advanced packaging as a predictive coating technology. The thickness distribution and stability of the liquid film formed during the slot die coating process affect the morphology and structure of the cured coating, ultimately influencing the properties of the product. However, due to the coupling of multiple operational parameters, the mechanism that influences film thickness distribution and stability remains unclear. In this study, we conduct numerical simulations of the slot die coating process to investigate film formation. Firstly, relevant governing equations are established, the geometric model and boundary conditions are determined and meshed, the solution method is given and mesh-independence is verified. Subsequently, we verify the accuracy of our numerical simulations by comparing them with experimental data reported in the literature. Finally, we investigate the mechanisms through which operating conditions and fluid properties influence the thickness, uniformity, and stability of the liquid film. The contour plots of liquid phase distribution shows that the thickness of the liquid film increases continuously with the elongation of fluid flow time. When the flow time is 0.1s, the liquid film thickness no longer changes with time, and the transient numerical calculation is completed. To investigate the coating mechanism and flow pattern of slot die coating, different substrate moving speeds, inlet velocities and fluids with different viscosities are set up for numerical calculation, and the role of each factor is analyzed in combination with the film thickness distribution and film-forming stability. It can be concluded from the film thickness distribution graph and velocity contour that: when the substrate moving speed is relatively low, the film-forming flow rate is less than the inlet flow rate, resulting in fluid accumulation at the die lip. Thus the film-forming flow rate and the liquid film thickness increase with the substrate moving speed; when the film-forming flow rate increases to the inlet flow rate, the liquid film thickness reaches the maximum. However, as the substrate moving speed further increases, the film-forming flow rate remains constant and equal to the inlet flow rate, leading to a decrease in liquid film thickness. Within the stable operating window, coating uniformity increases with the increase of the substrate moving speed. As the viscosity of the fluid increases, there is little noticeable change in the thickness of the coating, whereas the uniformity of the liquid film steadily decreases. This is attributed to the increased viscous force, which causes the substrate to entrain more fluid. Consequently, the film-forming flow rate equals the inlet flow rate, resulting in no further changes in film thickness. As the inlet velocity increases, the thickness of the liquid film keeps increasing and the uniformity of the liquid film does not change significantly. The simulation results show that the substrate velocity and inlet velocity are the main factors influencing the film thickness and its uniformity. A stable and uniform coating can only be achieved within a specific range of process parameters; otherwise, coating defects may arise. The analysis of the film formation mechanism of slot die coating provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of coating process parameters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of twist factor on the structure and properties of rotor-spun polyester-cotton wrapped yarns ZHOU Zhengyu, YANG Ruihua Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 27-32.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250304 Abstract （284）      PDF （6177KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save The wrapped yarn is a new structure of yarn that is composed of two or more kinds of fibers. In terms of performance, it can compensate for the deficiencies of single-component fibers and leverage the advantages of composite fibers. Through the composite of fibers, it can make textile fabrics show new styles, high elasticity and special functions that cannot be shown by a single material. The wrapped yarn is a kind of composite yarn that is not only simple and efficient in production but also fully utilizes the characteristics of the fibers, making up for the defects of single-component fibers. The production technology for staple fibers and filament wrapped composite yarns has become increasingly mature, mainly including ring spinning, rotor spinning, hollow spindle spinning and so on. At present, rotor spinning technology is the most mature, widely used, and economically beneficial new spinning method. Since its inception, research in this area has been continuously conducted. However, in recent years, compared with ring spinning and hollow spindle spinning, not much research has been done on rotor spinning wrapped composite yarns, especially the optimization of process parameters for wrapped yarns in practical production. Therefore, this paper selects polyester filament and cotton staple fiber composite spinning polyester-cotton wrapped yarn on the basis of existing materials, and carries out the research and optimization of process parameters of polyester-cotton wrapped yarns. The spinning principle of rotor composite spinning is that under the combing action, the staple fibers are carded into single fibers and enter the coalescing tank. The filament enters the spinning cup through an axial hollow spindle. The high speed rotation of the spinning cup produces a twisting effect that causes the filament and the staple fiber to be entangled into a yarn. It can be seen that twisting plays a key role in the yarn formation process of entangled yarn, and the twist factor is closely related to the structure and quality of the yarn. In order to explore the influence of twist coefficient on the appearance and structure as well as the performance of wrapped composite yarns, and to optimize the process parameters of polyester-cotton wrapped yarns by rotor spinning technology, the article used white cotton staple fiber as the core yarn and 50 D black polyester filament yarn as the outer wrapped yarn. As a result, ten sets of wrapped yarns with fineness of 68.3 tex were spun with twist coefficients in the 385‒655 range. The appearance and structure of the yarns were analyzed, and their tensile properties, hairiness, dryness, defects and residual torque were tested and compared. The results show that the wrapped yarns have spacer color effect; the influence of the twist coefficient on the properties is in accordance with the known theory, which further verifies the scientific validity of the relevant theory. Moreover, the critical twist coefficients of the wrapped yarns are in the 475‒535 range, and the yarn quality is optimal when the twist coefficient of the wrapped yarns is 505 according to the results of the comprehensive indexes. The twist factor influences the appearance, structure, and performance of wrapped composite yarns. Through the experimental research and analysis conducted in this paper, the experimental results align with the theory, further verifying the scientific validity of the relevant theories and providing practical experience for the spinning and performance of rotor-spun wrapped yarns. In the future, it is necessary to continue exploring relevant experimental studies on rotor-spun wrapped yarns, considering the influence of multiple factors on yarn performance, and further adjusting and improving them to promote the innovation and development of rotor spinning wrapped yarns. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An automatic replacement method of yarn bobbin based on machine vision CHEN Furong, ZHANG Zhouqiang, LI Cheng, CUI Fangbin Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 33-41.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250305 Abstract （284）      PDF （10070KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save In textile production, the replacement of bobbins is an unavoidable key process. Currently, most textile enterprises still employ manual bobbin replacement methods, which poses safety risks and is labor-intensive. The carbon fiber, known as the "black gold" of the 21st century, is a new type of fiber material with a carbon content exceeding 90%. Because of its light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, the carbon fiber has been widely used in various fields. In recent years, the government has been actively promoting the development of the carbon fiber industry. Both the “13th Five-Year Plan” and the “14th Five-Year Plan” have explicitly called for the strengthening of research and application of high-performance fibers and composite materials like carbon fibers. In carbon fiber weaving and production, the replacement of carbon fiber bobbins is a critical step. This paper explores methods to achieve automatic bobbin replacement, using carbon fiber bobbin replacement as a case study.  To achieve the intelligent replacement of carbon fiber yarn bobbins, this paper proposes an automatic bobbin-changing method based on machine vision detection and robotic arm collaborative operation, and establishes a corresponding intelligent bobbin-changing system. The system is mainly divided into hardware and software parts. The hardware part includes an image acquisition module, a yarn rack device module, an upper computer module, and a robotic arm control module. The software part is responsible for recognizing the target object in the image and controlling the robotic arm. This paper mimics the yarn rack design of an actual factory and designs a yarn rack device suitable for laboratory settings. First, the image acquisition module is responsible for capturing and saving images; then, the upper computer module integrates the software programs of the entire system, which are used to monitor and determine the status of the yarn bobbin and transmit information to the robotic arm; finally, the robotic arm control module receives signals from the upper computer and completes the bobbin replacement according to the planned path. The image processing part of the system is based on an optimized Hough circle detection algorithm, incorporating the LM algorithm and monocular distance measurement principles to limit the radius range of the yarn bobbin, and adding a concentric circle detection mechanism to achieve more accurate bobbin positioning. In addition, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model is used to complete hand-eye calibration, determining the relationship between the image coordinates and the robotic arm base coordinates, thus obtaining the precise position of the robotic arm's end. In the experimental tests, this paper addresses the sensitivity to ambient light and background noise by adding Gaussian noise to the captured raw images and adjusting the brightness (with parameter values of -50, 20, and 50). Through these data augmentation operations, it is verified that the optimized Hough circle detection algorithm possesses strong robustness and reliability, maintaining high detection accuracy in complex environments. Compared with the Random Forest and K-nearest Neighbor algorithms, MLP shows the best accuracy on the X/Y/Z axes, with mean square error controlled within 1.77 mm². The results indicate that this study achieves high precision and effectiveness in the collaborative work of machine vision and robotic arms, providing important technical support for the practical application of intelligent replacement systems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual bibliometric analysis of smart wearable clothing for the elderly MAO Dan, XIA Tian, XU Huiya, LI Yiran, WEN Run Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 92-101.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250311 Abstract （284）      PDF （16616KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save This study systematically reviews the literature in the WOS and CNKI databases using bibliometric analysis. The research first cleaned the data to remove duplicate and irrelevant entries, ensuring the accuracy of the dataset. Next, CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visualize the data, providing insights into the research landscape, including author collaborations, institutional contributions, and keyword co-occurrence networks. A comprehensive analysis of the development and trends in the field of aging-friendly smart wearable clothing was conducted. With a view to providing a clearer line of research in this area, the study supplemented the existing research framework on intelligent wearable application scenarios for the elderly and performed a Pearson correlation test between the keyword co-occurrence dataset and the extended theoretical framework, which showed a significant positive correlation, indicated that this research is focused on the application field of aging-friendly intelligent wearable clothing. Bibliometric analysis indicates that the research output on aging-friendly smart wearable clothing has significantly increased, especially in recent years. Core author groups and leading institutions have been identified, mainly located in China, the United States, and South Korea. Keyword analysis reveals that major research focuses on health monitoring functions, electromagnetic endurance, and fabric sensing technologies. Additionally, emerging research areas emphasize user interaction design and privacy protection technologies. These findings highlight the diversity and interdisciplinary nature of the field, encompassing materials science, electronics, healthcare, and data security. This study supplements the existing research framework on intelligent wearable application scenarios for the elderly by identifying key technology areas and their applications. For example, health monitoring technologies include advanced sensors and data analysis for real-time health monitoring. Positioning and navigation technologies utilize Bluetooth, WiFi, and RFID for precise indoor positioning. Integrating flexible fiber optic sensors into fabrics enhances comfort and functionality, while low-power electronic components ensure long-term use of the devices. Data security and privacy protection are crucial for safeguarding sensitive health information, requiring robust encryption methods. The research on aging-friendly smart wearable clothing is driven by the urgent needs of the aging population and has made significant progress. This field demonstrates tremendous innovative potential in improving the quality of life for the elderly through advanced technology. Future research should focus on strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, leveraging big data and artificial intelligence to enhance user experience, and meeting the specific needs of the elderly. It is necessary to enhance international cooperation to promote the development of aging-friendly smart wearable solutions, so as to ultimately create a more inclusive and supportive society for the elderly. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of solution blow spinning PVA fibers WEN Hongquana, b, LIU Qia, CAO Qunxiang, LUO Jiea, b, , CHEN Lijie Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (06): 1-8.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250601 Abstract （279）      PDF （7790KB）（101）       Knowledge map    Save As the application of nanofibers becomes increasingly widespread, research on methods for preparing nanofibers has also grown significantly, primarily encompassing electrospinning, melt-blowing spinning, phase separation, centrifugal spinning, and solution blow spinning technology (abbreviated as SBS). Among them, electrospinning technology has emerged as a hotspot in nanofiber preparation due to its advantages such as simple operation, excellent fiber-forming properties, and strong adaptability to spinning solutions. However, the application of high-voltage electric fields limits the industrialization of electrospinning. Instead, SBS technology employs high-speed airflow to stretch polymer solutions instead of relying on electrostatic forces, achieving nanofiber formation without the dependency on high-voltage electric fields. Meanwhile, SBS technology has the more advantages than electrospinning, such as premium efficiency and huge prospects for industrialization. Thus, this technology has attracted more and more attention in recent years for nanofiber fabrication. However, current research and applications of SBS technology primarily use highly volatile organic solvents, and the use of low-volatility solvents (such as pure water) has always been a challenge. Especially in environments with high humidity, the moisture in the fibers cannot fully evaporate before reaching the collector, leading to inadequate stretching of the polymer molecules and affecting the fiber morphology. The selection of materials and processes suitable for aqueous solution SBS technology represents a significant breakthrough in achieving environmentally friendly solution blow spinning.  Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as a good water-soluble degradable material, not only has good fiber forming performance and high chemical stability and biocompatibility, but also has a large number of negatively charged hydroxyl groups on the molecular chain. This makes it suitable for adsorbing heavy metal ions and chemical dyes, and it can also be functionalized through chemical modifications. In this study, water-soluble PVA is used as the raw material to explore SBS technology for aqueous solution, aiming to realize green and sustainable nanofiber preparing. By integrating condensation drying, adsorption drying, infrared heating, and other techniques with the solution blow spinning technology, the study reduces the impact of environmental humidity on the spinning performance of aqueous solutions. By optimizing parameters such as the mass fraction and properties of the spinning solution, traction air volume, and solution flow rate, the surface morphology and diameter distribution of PVA fibers are improved. Additionally, tartaric acid (TA) is used as a crosslinking agent to enhance the water resistance and thermal stability of PVA nanofibers. The research results expand the application of water-soluble nanofibers in catalysis, filtration, energy storage, sensing and biomedicine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deformation properties of wearable woven fabrics based on nickel-titanium alloy wires WANG Yang, HU Kaining, ZHANG Changhuan Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 118-125.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250314 Abstract （274）      PDF （6569KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save The rapid development of smart wearable technology has driven the growth in demand for smart clothing fabrics. These fabrics need to have good intelligent deformation properties. At present, the realization of this function mainly relies on inflatable structures or deformation components, of which deformation components are divided into two categories: mechanical alloys and shape memory alloys. Mechanical deformation components have strong visual effects and are suitable for decorative clothing, but affect comfort; while shape memory alloy materials have little impact on comfort, but require high weaving techniques. For woven fabrics based on nickel-titanium memory alloy wires, the parameters of the nickel-titanium alloy wires, the fabric structure, the type of yarn used, and the weaving density all affect the deformation properties of the fabric. In recent years, there have been relatively little research on woven deformable fabrics based on shape memory alloy materials for apparel applications. This paper used nickel-titanium memory alloy wires as local weft yarn to weave 13 types of woven fabrics for apparel. It studied the impact of fabric structure, nickel-titanium alloy wire diameter, and yarn materials on the deformation time, deformation degree, and deformation recovery of the fabrics. Results of the research on the deformation time of samples indicated the following: the longer the float line of the nickel-titanium alloy wire, the greater the ratio of nickel-titanium alloy wire diameter to yarn diameter, the higher the elasticity or smoothness of the yarn, and the shorter the deformation time of the sample. Results of the research on the deformation degree indicated the following: the longer the float line of the nickel-titanium alloy wire, the higher the elasticity or smoothness of the yarn, and the greater the degree of deformation of the sample. For the test of the deformation recovery of the sample, the results were as follows: the longer the float line of the nickel-titanium alloy wire, the higher the elasticity of the yarn, and the better the deformation recovery of the sample. The study draws the following conclusions: the more weft structure points in the complete fabric, that is, the longer the float line of the nickel-titanium alloy wire, the fabric exhibits shorter deformation time, greater deformation degree, and better recovery. When the float line of the fabric increases to a certain extent, the deformation property of the fabric tends to stabilize. The larger the ratio of the diameter of the nickel-titanium alloy wire to the diameter of the yarn, the fabric exhibits shorter deformation time, greater deformation degree, and better recovery. When the ratio of the diameter of the nickel-titanium alloy wire to the yarn diameter increases to a certain extent, the deformation property of the fabric tends to stabilize. Yarn materials with elasticity and smooth surface are more conducive to improving the deformation property of woven fabrics for apparel. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influencing factors of anti-pilling property of polyester-cotton blended fabrics modified by electrostatic atomization XIAO Qi, QU Jing, GAO Zhe, PENG Jiajia Advanced Textile Technology    0, (): 59-67.   DOI: 10.12477/j.att.202410001 Abstract （272）      PDF （6774KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Polyester-cotton blended fabrics are prone to pilling and fuzzing after wearing or washing, which not only affects the appearance of the fabric but also significantly reduces its wearability and service life. The main method currently used to address this issue is resin finishing. However, this method tends to deteriorate the fabric's hand feel and impair its moisture absorption and air permeability. In order to solve this problem, this study employed electrostatic atomization of pyrimidine compounds to treat polyester-cotton blended fabrics, uniformly encapsulating the pyrimidine compounds in the form of nanoparticles onto the fiber surface. The study systematically investigated the influence patterns of the mass percentage of pyrimidine compounds, electrostatic atomization voltage, electrostatic atomization speed, and electrostatic atomization time on the fabric's anti-pilling property. By further optimizing the process parameters, the optimal method for enhancing the anti-pilling property of polyester-cotton blended fabrics was obtained. In addition, a comparison was made between the impregnation method and the electrostatic atomization of pyrimidine compounds in terms of their effectiveness in improving the fabric's anti-pilling property. The method of treating fabrics with electrostatic atomization of pyrimidine compounds adopted in this study did not affect the pores between the fibers, whereas the impregnation method could lead to the pores between the surface fibers being filled. Infrared spectroscopy tests fully demonstrated the successful cross-linking of pyrimidine compounds onto the polyester-cotton blended fabrics. As the mass percentage of pyrimidine compounds increased, the fabric's pilling grade showed the rule of increasing first and then decreasing. When the mass percentage of pyrimidine compounds was 12%, the fabric achieved the highest pilling grade of 4–5. With the increase in electrostatic atomization voltage, the fabric's pilling grade showed the rule of gradually increasing. At an electrostatic atomization voltage of 25 kV, the fabric reached the highest pilling grade of 4–5. As the electrostatic atomization speed increased, the fabric's anti-pilling property first improved and then decreased. The optimal anti-pilling property was achieved when the electrostatic atomization speed was 0.05 mL/min, with a pilling grade of 4–5. As the electrostatic atomization time increased, the fabric's anti-pilling property improved. At an electrostatic atomization time of 120 minutes, the fabric achieved the highest pilling grade of 5. The strength of fabrics treated by impregnation and electrostatic atomization methods both decreased, of which the fabrics treated by electrostatic atomization decreased less. The air permeability of fabrics treated with the impregnation method decreased more significantly, while the electrostatic atomization of pyrimidine compounds did not affect the fabric's air permeability. When the mass percentage of pyrimidine compounds was 12%, the atomization voltage was 25 V, the atomization speed was 0.05 mL/min, and the atomization time was 120 minutes, the polyester-cotton blended fabric achieved an optimal anti-pilling property with a pilling grade of 5. After 20 washes, the pilling grade remained at 4–5, indicating good durability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of PEDOT:PSS/PVA-coated conductive fabrics WANG Guanghua, HONG Xinghua, ZHU Zijiao, ZENG Xiangsong ZENG Fangmeng Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 122-130.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250514 Abstract （265）      PDF （12984KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save To expand the application of polyester fabrics in the field of electronic textiles, it is necessary to endow them with conductivity. Therefore, in this study, the conductive coating was prepared by using PEDOT:PSS (Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate), EG (ethylene glycol) and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), and the conductive coating was evenly coated on the polyester fabric by "coating‒drying" method to prepare the PEDOT:PSS/PVA-coated conductive fabric. Firstly, the optimal range of coating times was determined to be 8, 10, 12 times by single factor experiment to ensure the uniformity of PEDOT:PSS/PVA-coated conductive fabrics. On this basis, the orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels was designed, and the optimal combination parameters of EG addition amount, PVA solution addition amount and coating times were obtained. The PEDOT:PSS/PVA-coated conductive fabric prepared under the optimal combination parameters showed good electrical conductivity with a resistance of 4.48 Ω and a volume resistivity of 0.09 Ω ·cm. In terms of laundering durability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, the test results show that the coated conductive fabric has certain laundering durability, and the resistivity after 10 washes is 1.35 Ω ·cm, which is because PVA makes the conductive coating not easy to fall off. The fast and slow elastic recovery retention rates of the coated conductive fabric are 59.77%‒70.34% and 63.26%‒74.43%, respectively. The average breaking strength and elongation at break increase by 59.73 N (6.15%) and 40.4 N (5.78%), respectively, and the improvement of tensile properties is attributed to the synergistic tensile properties of PVA. Additionally, after four hours of contact with the skin, the coated conductive fabric does not cause redness, swelling, or allergic reactions, demonstrating good biocompatibility. In summary, PEDOT:PSS/PVA-coated conductive fabrics not only perform well in terms of electrical conductivity, but also show excellent properties in terms of laundering durability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and have broad application prospects in the field of electronic textiles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the relationship between the draft ratio and the diameter of big belly yarns with a dual-color structure LIAO Jingwen, LANG Lingkun, LI Wenya Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 42-47.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250306 Abstract （253）      PDF （2805KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save The market for fancy yarns is showing a steady growth trend, and with the increasing pursuit of textile quality and design by consumers, fancy yarns have received widespread attention and favor due to their unique characteristics. In 2023, the global market revenue for fancy yarns reached 34.223 billion yuan, of which the market size for Chinese fancy yarns reached 16.756 billion yuan. With the expansion of market size, diversification of product types, and expansion of application fields, the development and refurbishment of traditional fancy yarns have become an inevitable trend. The big belly yarn, as a traditional fancy yarn, also faces updates and iterations. However, current research both domestically and internationally has focused on the influence of process parameters on the performance and quality of big belly yarns, and there is relatively little research on how the draft ratio affects the diameter of these yarns and, in turn, the texture and relief of the fabric surface, especially in the context of big belly yarns with a dual-color structure.. To explore the relationship between the spinning draft ratio and the diameter of the big belly yarn, which in turn affects the appearance of the fabric, this study investigates the spinning of the big belly yarn based on the dual-color structure. Starting from the perspectives of yarn effect and fabric effect, the study firstly designs a big belly yarn with a dual-color structure in the cross-section and axial direction, varying length and thickness of the bulge. The study also selects two different colors of coarse yarns, and determines the final process parameters through trial spinning. The factors that affect the yarn quality are controlled during spinning, and the coarse yarns are placed reasonably to prevent entanglement and impact of the yarn quality when the two coarse yarns are fed. The speed ratio between the front roller and the groove tube is maintained at 1:1.1, which can not only ensure good yarn winding by coordinating the groove barrel with the front roller but also maintain tension between the front roller and the groove barrel, ultimately successfully spinning the target sample. On this basis, with 1.5 as the starting value and 0.3 as the increment, the draft ratio is set to study the diameter changes of yarns under different draft ratios. Data analysis software is used to regress the draft ratio in the spinning process parameters with the corresponding big belly yarn diameter, and the optimal function model is obtained. Research has found that adjusting the movement time of the back roller can simultaneously control the color and diameter changes of the yarn, and setting the width reasonably during weaving can achieve staggered changes of different colors. There is a power function relationship between the draft ratio and the diameter of the big belly yarn, with the function equation being y=0.7693×x(-0.3864); there is a corresponding relationship between the diameter of the big belly yarn and the unevenness effect of the fabric surface, that is, the thickness of the fabric surface. Under weaving conditions with warp and weft tightness of 37.31% and 80.93%, respectively, there is a non-linear relationship between the diameter of the yarn and the thickness of the fabric surface, with the equation being y=0.1466-75.2459×(5.64×10-8)x. The influence of draft ratio on the final fabric effect provides insights for the development of big belly yarn products. The spinning process parameters can be quickly determined based on the expected fabric effect, so as to reduce the frequency of manual adjustment and improve production efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different manufacturing processes on ECG signal quality of textile electrodes ZHOU Jinli, ZHENG Junjie, LIU Siqi, WANG Chenxiao, FAN Mengzhao, YANG Chaoran, LI Yunfei Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 113-121.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250413 Abstract （251）      PDF （20147KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause to mortality in the population, accounting for more than 47% of deaths and posing a serious threat to people's health. Electrocardiography (ECG), as the primary method for detecting the cardiac electrical activity, plays a pivotal role in the prediction and diagnosis of CVD. Conventional ECG systems use disposable Ag/AgCl gel wet electrodes, and while these electrodes are capable of acquiring better bioelectrical signals, the drying up of the gel and the irritation with the skin during long-term use seriously affects patients' willingness to use them. Fabric dry electrodes, by virtue of excellent conformability and comfort, as well as their good electrical conductivity and mechanical stability, have a wide range of applications in wearable ECG monitoring. According to the different preparation processes, fabric electrodes can be mainly categorized into woven fabric electrodes, knitted fabric electrodes and embroidered electrodes. However, the factors affecting the quality of ECG signals involve not only the preparation process of fabric electrodes, but also the contact impedance between the electrodes and the skin as well as the adaptability under dynamic conditions. To investigate the effects of different preparation processes on the quality of ECG signals from fabric electrodes, we utilized silver/nylon yarn as the primary conductive material and prepared eight different types of fabrics through three distinct processes. These fabrics included three woven fabrics, two knitted fabrics, and three embroidered fabrics. By assessing their surface conductivity, we identified the woven fabric (W3), knitted fabric (K2), and embroidered fabric(E3) types that exhibited the best conductivity. For the woven fabrics, the resistance values increased with the distance between the two test points and were approximately equal when the test points were equidistant. The magnitude of the surface resistance of knitted fabrics was closely related to the coil density. The conductivity of embroidered fabrics was affected by the combination (intersection density) of stitch direction and stitch density, etc. We prepared these three fabrics as cardiofabric electrodes and tested them by electrode-copper-plate low-frequency impedance and electrode-skin contact impedance, and concluded that longer floating-length wires, denser coil structure, higher stitch intersection density, and a larger contact area were important factors for lowering the impedance. After that, we prepared woven, knitted and embroidered fabric electrocardiographic tapes and comprehensively analyzed the factors affecting the quality of dynamic and static electrocardiographic signals, including structural tightness, contact uniformity and dynamic adaptability. The results showed that different preparation processes and fabric structures significantly affected the conductivity of the electrodes and the quality of contact with the skin, which in turn affected the accuracy and stability of the ECG signals. E3 outperformed both W3 and K2 electrodes in terms of structural compactness, contact uniformity, and dynamic adaptability, and was able to acquire the highest quality ECG signals in both dynamic and static states, with the static Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the dynamic one above 0.91. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the properties of Miura-ori structural fabric with variable structural parameters TIAN Yuan, XU Qiaoli, XUE Jingli, JIN Guang, MU Huangbo, DU Zhaoqun Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (06): 36-41.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250605 Abstract （251）      PDF （3843KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Origami art originated in China, and was then introduced to Japan and to the world. With the development of research on origami structure and textile technology, the foldable fabric based on origami structure has been derived from the combination of the two technologies, which makes the application and innovation of origami structure in the textile field possible. Miura-ori structure is the most classic origami folding structure and the most widely used folding structure. It can fold two-dimensional plane materials into three-dimensional shapes by origami. As an emerging metamaterial structure, the Miura-ori structure has attracted many scholars to study it. To further develop fabrics with geometric effects and functionality, the Miura-ori structure woven fabrics were prepared by combining the origami structure with the fabric structure, and their mechanical properties and thermal-moisture properties were studied and analyzed. Origami fabrics mainly form many folded and crossed folds through folding and lapping, which are usually quite complex and unique. Origami fabrics usually adopt accurate calculation and design to form a fixed folding line and angle. Origami fabrics are usually stable, because the intersection of wrinkles increases the strength and durability of the fabric. The SGA598-D multi-axis automatic jacquard loom was used to weave the woven fabrics. Miura-ori structural fabrics were designed with the help of fabric design software CAD View60. Four kinds of Miura-ori structure fabrics were prepared by changing the warp parameters and the angle α of the Miura-ori structure side length, and the effects of different parameters on the properties of the fabrics were demonstrated. 16.67 tex and 27.78 tex white PET were used as warp yarns, 16.67 tex black PET was used as inelastic weft yarn, and the composite yarn formed by 16.67 tex black PET and 7.78 tex white PU was used as elastic weft yarn, and four kinds of Miura-ori structure woven fabrics Y45, X30, X45 and X60 were prepared by changing the Miura-ori structure angle, which was set to 30°, 45° and 60° respectively. The compression performance test, bending performance test, air permeability test and moisture permeability test of the four Miura-ori structure fabrics were carried out. The results showed that when the Miura-ori structure angle was 45°, the shape retention and the air permeability were better. When the structure angle was the same, the stiffness, air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabric with high-warp yarn density were better. Miura-ori structure fabrics were compressed first by the destruction of the structure, and then by the compression of fabrics themselves. The bending properties of the front and back sides of Miura-ori structure fabrics were quite different, and the front stiffness of Miura-ori structure fabrics was greater. In this paper, based on origami folding structure, Miura-ori structure was applied to textiles structure and Miura-ori structure fabrics were prepared to study their mechanical and thermal-moisture properties. The study of origami fabrics can provide a new way for the development of materials with specific functions, which is of great significance for the development of new textile materials and processes, and promotes technological innovation in the field of textile and materials science. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional simulation of single-faced weft-knitted fabrics based on spring-mass particles MU Xiuping, JIANG Gaoming, CAO Ye, LI Bingxian Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (05): 107-115.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250512 Abstract （251）      PDF （16927KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save With the advancement of computer-aided design technology, the diversity of weft-knitted CAD systems is increasing, providing efficient and convenient design solutions. Simultaneously, research on three-dimensional simulations of weft-knitted fabrics is flourishing, focusing on different types of weft-knitted fabric structures. This study aims to explore a mechanics-based method to enhance the three-dimensional simulation of single-faced weft-knitted fabrics, particularly in simulating deformations under various structural organizations. By constructing coil-based nodal point models and spring-mass particle models, the research aims to achieve precise three-dimensional simulations of different types of weft-knitted fabrics. Regarding the research methodology, this study builds upon existing research by creating a coil mesh model to ensure a specific proportion between the coordinates of coil-based nodal points and mesh points, thereby achieving an ideal-state three-dimensional simulation of weft-knitted fabrics. Subsequently, by combining a spring-mass particle model with Newton's second law and Hooke's law, the study uses the Velocity-Verlet numerical integration method to calculate the forces and displacements of different particles at different times. Finally, by measuring deformation data of fabrics with different organizations, the study analyzes the force situations of each coil type and successfully accomplishes the deformation simulation of three fabric types. The research results indicate that by constructing a coil mesh model and employing a spring-mass particle model, this study successfully analyzes the force characteristics of coils in single-faced weft-knitted variable-structure fabrics. The proposed method has achieved the three-dimensional simulation of various types of single-faced weft-knitted fabrics and validated the feasibility of the simulation results through comparisons with physical samples. This method is not only suitable for introducing single loop and floating loop structures but also applicable for simulating deformations of single-faced weft-knitted fabrics with different structural organizations. This advancement makes fabric simulation more realistic, opening up new research directions in the field of three-dimensional simulation of weft-knitted fabrics. In conclusion, the method proposed in this study brings new possibilities to the three-dimensional simulation technology of weft-knitted fabrics, deepening the understanding of the force relationships and deformation patterns of single-faced weft-knitted variable-structure fabrics. However, in future research, especially in investigating the force mechanisms of double-faced fabrics, Z-direction force factors should be comprehensively considered to further enhance the applicability and accuracy of this method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of SiO2 aerogel aromatic microcapsules/PVA blend fibers and their slow-release properties SONG Peiju, TANG Junsong, GAO Guohong, MA Mingbo, ZHOU Wenlong Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250301 Abstract （247）      PDF （11502KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Save The aerogel particle is a kind of ultra-light material with a three-dimensional porous network structure and a high porosity within. The porous structure and excellent mechanical stability of aerogel make it an ideal carrier for essence, phase change materials and even drugs, and an ideal material for preparing slow-release microcapsules. To explore the application of aerogel particles in the preparation of aromatic fibers, the SiO2 aerogel microcapsules loaded with essence were mixed into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) spinning solution, and PVA aromatic fibers were prepared by wet spinning process. The effect of  the addition amount of aromatic microcapsule on the viscosity and dispersion of the spinning solution, morphology, basic properties, and slow-release performance of the aromatic fibers were studied.  It was found that with the increase of the amount of SiO2 aerogel aromatic microcapsules, the viscosity of PVA spinning solution gradually increased, and the microcapsules gradually clustered in the spinning solution. When the addition amount was higher than 7%, the aromatic microcapsules exhibited obvious agglomeration phenomenon in the spinning solution, making the spinning process more difficult. Aromatic fibers were prepared from PVA spinning solution containing 4% of SiO2 aerogel aromatic microcapsules, and the longitudinal morphology of the obtained fibers was basically the same as that of pure PVA fibers. The aerogel aromatic microcapsules were embedded in the fibers and well dispersed. SiO2 aerogel aromatic microcapsules and the prepared aromatic fibers have excellent slow-release properties. After being placed at room temperature for 60 days, their essence release rates were only 22.2% and 13.4%, and their fragrance retention performance was significantly better than that of aromatic microcapsules and aromatic fabrics prepared by conventional polymer embedding method, such as polymethyl methacrylate, melamine/formaldehyde resin and polyurethane. The thermal properties and tensile mechanical properties of PVA fibers decreased significantly after the addition of SiO2 aerogel aromatic microcapsules. This probably resulted from the increase of void space in the fibers caused by aromatic microcapsules; aromatic microcapsules also interfered with orientation arrangement and crystallization formation of PVA fibers, causing a disordered aggregation structure of in the blend fibers. This study is of great significance for the application of aerogel particles in the preparation of slow-release functional microcapsules and their functional fibers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural optimization and numerical simulation of nozzles for foreign fiber sorters SUN Jian, LAN Lan, WANG Tong, HAN Zixu, LIN He, CHENG Xiaole Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 26-32.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250403 Abstract （243）      PDF （6058KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Cotton is one of the important raw materials in the textile industry. After processing, it is used to manufacture various textile products. The presence of foreign fibers in cotton can have an impact on the quality of the finished yarn, the fabric surface effect, the performance and the subsequent process treatment. Therefore, in the textile production process, it is necessary to effectively screen, separate, or control foreign fibers in the raw materials to ensure that the quality and performance of the final products meet the expected requirements. The cotton foreign fiber sorting machine effectively separates foreign fibers and impurities through high-speed rotating brush rollers, airflow and vibration. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of foreign fiber detection rate, energy consumption, and rejection rate. As a key component in the foreign fiber sorting process, the reasonable design of the reject nozzle structure is crucial to the efficiency and accuracy of the foreign fiber sorting machine. The nozzle is critical to ensuring fiber quality and maintaining production efficiency by providing precise positioning, efficient rejection, continuous production, and reduced human intervention during foreign fiber rejection. By applying high-pressure airflow, the nozzle can quickly and accurately remove foreign fibers from the fibers, ensuring smooth operation of the production line, improving production efficiency, and reducing production costs. Therefore, optimizing the nozzle structure to reduce energy consumption and improve rejection rate is necessary. The Laval nozzle is a specially designed nozzle commonly used in rocket engines, jet engines, and other fields that require high-speed airflow. In practical use, the Laval nozzle can accelerate the gas from subsonic to supersonic speeds, achieving the effect of gas acceleration while improving efficiency, controlling flow rate, reducing backpressure effects, avoiding equipment overheating, and simplifying the structure. Therefore, the unique shape and functionality of the Laval nozzle provide reference for the optimization design of the rejection nozzle structure. In summary, in this study, we aim to optimize the structure of the rejection nozzle in the cotton foreign fiber sorting machine based on the characteristics of the Laval nozzle's contraction-expansion design. Numerical simulation is used to analyze the external flow field characteristics of the nozzle before and after optimization. By comparing the changes in velocity, pressure, and air consumption, the feasibility of the optimization design is validated to provide theoretical reference for the practical application of the nozzle, so as to achieve the goal of improving the performance of the whole machine by realizing the efficient removal of foreign fibers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hexagonal three-dimensional virtual braiding technology for tubular braiding WU Hao, DING Caihong, GU Xin Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 70-80.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250309 Abstract （242）      PDF （10433KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save The hexagonal three-dimensional (3D) braiding machine has become a research hotspot in 3D braiding field because it can carry more yarns and adapt to more flexible braiding process. However, the development of hexagonal 3D braiding technology is less mature at present, and the way to verify the braiding process through physical sample faces the problems of high cost and long development cycle. Therefore, a three-dimensional virtual modeling method of tubular braiding based on two-dimensional(2D) tiled grid model was proposed in this paper, which could be used for rapid verification and development of braiding process.  First, the two-dimensional tiled grid model of tubular braiding and its rotation matrix and interweaving matrix were defined, and the corresponding relationship between tiled grid and yarn's interwoven form was established both graphically and numerically. Second, according to the characteristics of braiding machine with regular hexagonal chassis layout, an oblique coordinate system for the hexagonal chassis and a polar coordinate system for the chassis unit were established. Combining with information on braiding process transformations, an iterative formula for the trajectory of the carrier was proposed and used to calculate the xy coordinates of each carrier on the chassis at the same time. Adding the drawing distance of the yarn over the mandrel as z coordinate, the spatial motion position of the yarn in the cartesian coordinate system of the chassis could be obtained. Then the spatial position of the yarn in the cartesian coordinate system of the braiding was obtained by the coordinate system transformation from the chassis' to the braiding's. Third, by expanding the braiding from 3D to 2D along the circumference, the interweaving relationship of yarns on three dimensions was transformed into the intersecting relationship on the plane. By application of the chassis interweaving layer, the interwoven form of each yarn in the crossing segment was obtained by judging the interweaving relationship between the intra-layer and inter-layer interactions of the carrier. Based on the relationship between the switch step angle and the number of yarn's twisting knot, the interwoven form of each in the twisting segment was deduced. Fourth, an example was given to illustrate how the obtained yarn interweaving information was written into the rotational matrix and the interleaving matrix. The two-dimensional tiled grid diagram of that tubular braiding was obtained from the two matrixes and then converted into the 3d model of the braiding by applying Matlab commands. The correctness and effectiveness of the modeling method in this paper were further verified by the same structural comparison between the real and the virtual braiding of the tubular braid. A two-dimensional tiled grid model of tubular braiding was firstly proposed in this paper. And then the following research work was carried out, which mainly included the calculation of yarn motion trajectory, the analysis and judgment of yarn interweaving information, the acquisition of the 2D tiled grid model and its 3D modelling by Matlab. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the 3D virtual braiding modeling method were verified by example analysis. That can realize the rapid development of hexagonal braiding process. Virtual braiding technology has been studied deeply in the field of fixed-track braiding, and some virtual braiding simulation software has been successfully developed, such as Texmind Braider Software and Herzog software. However, the research in the field of hexagonal 3D virtual braiding is relatively immature. The yarn motion model based on oblique-polar coordinate system of the chassis proposed in this paper can be generally adopted in hexagonal 3D virtual braiding modeling, and is beneficial to the development of hexagonal 3D virtual braiding application software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of a chitosan/calcium alginate hemostatic sponge LUO Shuang, WU Ying, LI Huimin, SU Jing, WANG Hongbo Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 8-15.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250302 Abstract （237）      PDF （7936KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save In daily life as well as in clinical surgery, the first problem that needs to be solved is how to quickly stop bleeding from wounds. Prolonged exposure of wounds to air can easily lead to infections and loss of bodily fluids, which can impact wound healing and, in severe cases, even cause complications. This can impact wound healing and, in severe cases, even lead to complications. Traditional dressings are still widely used on skin injuries, primarily due to their affordability, simplicity in preparation, and ease of application. However, their role in wound healing is limited by their simple physical coverage, tendency to adhere to wounds and limited capacity to absorb tissue fluid, which restricts their effectiveness in wound healing. Natural polysaccharides are highly advantageous in the direction of preparing new sponge dressings due to their excellent biocompatibility, degradability, widespread availability, and affordability. Sponge dressings made from polysaccharides not only retain the sponge's excellent breathability and fluid absorption capabilities but also possess the inherent advantages of polysaccharides. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an inorganic material widely found in natural substances such as limestone and coral, which is inexpensive, readily available, safe and non-toxic, and therefore has garnered significant attention in the biomedical industry. To improve the sponge formed by the exogenous gel method of freeze-drying traditional calcium alginate sponges, it is necessary to address issues such as hard texture, lengthy process, and uneven cross-linking. One way to achieve this is by re-crosslinking the sponge through immersion in calcium chloride solution. The thesis uses sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS) as the base materials, CaCO3 as the source of Ca2+ for ionic cross-linking, and regulates the pH value of the solvent to control the cross-linking speed to simultaneously trigger ionic cross-linking and electrostatic interactions, and employs internal gelation to stabilize the sponge's cross-linked structure, so that the sponge dressings which are soft and skin-friendly and able to stop hemostatic quickly are prepared. The main research is as follows: CS and SA were dissolved in pH=4.5 acetic acid-sodium acetate solution, and then CaCO3 suspension was uniformly dispersed in the mixture, which was left to cross-link for 24 h and then frozen at -20 ℃, and the sponge samples of uniform texture were produced by vacuum freeze-drying. This study explored the formation mechanism, morphological structure, physicochemical properties, blood safety, and hemostatic performance of the sponge. The sponge samples were made by vacuum freeze-drying. The test results showed that the sponge had better performance when the CaCO3 mass fraction was 0.4%, with a liquid absorption rate of (1,234±49.36)%, a coagulation index (BCI) of (13.924±0.963)%, an in vitro degradation rate of (76.708±2.302)%, and a haemolysis rate of less than 5% in all cases. The sponge exhibits excellent liquid absorption capacity, rapid hemostasis, safety, non-toxicity, and in vitro degradability, making it a potential candidate for biological hemostatic materials. Due to the basic nature of the sponge material, the novel hemostatic sponge exhibits a limitation in terms of poor mechanical properties. In future research, it is anticipated that combining the sponge with traditional dressings could enhance hemostasis and wound healing effects while simultaneously improving mechanical properties. And the intricate porous structure of the sponge dressing also makes it has a great potential for drug loading applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Self-crosslinking hydrophilic modification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber surface with polyvinyl alcohol oxidation WANG Chao, ZHU Zhexin, WANG Gangqiang, LÜ Wangyang Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (06): 9-16.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250602 Abstract （235）      PDF （7780KB）（74）       Knowledge map    Save The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber, as a high-performance fiber with high strength and high modulus, has found applications in numerous industrial fields due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties, such as ultra-high strength, good impact resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, and lightweight characteristics. These properties make it suitable for use in aerospace (processing of shell outer layers), national defense and military (stab-resistant materials), marine engineering (cables and ropes), biomedical applications, labor protection (cables), sporting goods and equipment, and many other industrial production areas. Despite its numerous excellent physicochemical properties, the UHMWPE fiber still exhibits drawbacks such as easy creep, poor heat resistance, and no oxidation resistance. Furthermore, due to its high degree of orientation, high crystallinity and extremely low surface molecular polarity, the UHMWPE fiber has a very smooth surface and extremely low surface energy. This makes it difficult to process the UHMWPE fiber further, with challenges mainly manifesting in low interfacial bonding strength with resin matrices, poor fiber-to-fiber bonding, and poor dyeing performance. Therefore, the modification of the fiber, especially the modification of fiber interface, is of great significance to the expansion of its application range. At present, the main modification methods can be roughly divided into wet modification and dry modification. Dry modification mainly includes corona discharge treatment, plasma surface treatment, etc. Wet modification primarily encompasses chemical etching, surface grafting, surface coating and so on. In view of the inert surface of UHMWPE fibers and the difficulty of subsequent composite, the article leveraged the ability of persulfates to initiate self-crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A thermally activated persulfate system was employed to deposit PVA onto the surface of UHMWPE fibers after self-crosslinking, thereby improving their surface hydrophilicity. The effects of factors such as the degree of polymerization of PVA, persulfate concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature were investigated, and the fibers after deposition were subjected to ultrasonic water washing for different durations to test their firmness. The modified fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that thermally activated potassium persulfate generates hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals, which can catalyze the self-crosslinking of PVA and its deposition onto the surface of UHMWPE fibers. For improving hydrophilicity, using PVA with a degree of polymerization of 1,700, adding 1 mL of 0.1 mg/mL potassium persulfate, and reacting at 80℃ for 90 minutes can achieve complete infiltration. Moreover, the coating can remain stable after 2 hours of ultrasonic washing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Virtual try-on networks based on interactive multiple attention mechanisms HUANG Lili, ZHENG Junhong, JIN Yao, HE Lili Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (05): 96-106.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250511 Abstract （228）      PDF （12752KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save With the booming development of e-commerce and the popularity of online clothing shopping, virtual try-on technology has been significantly promoted. At present, virtual try-on technology is mainly divided into two categories: 3D and 2D images, among which 2D image virtual try-on is widely used due to its easy operation and low cost. This technology is further subdivided into methods based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and diffusion networks. In recent years, virtual try-on based on diffusion networks has received widespread attention due to its superior performance in realism, stability, and detail processing compared to GAN networks. StableVITON is an important benchmark model in this field and has achieved significant results in synthesizing try-on images by relying on the powerful generation ability of diffusion networks. However, there are still shortcomings in capturing and preserving clothing features and details, such as the inability to accurately identify clothing's long and short sleeves, colors, as well as details such as cuffs and necklines. To address the problem of clothing feature and detail loss in the StableVITON, this paper proposed a virtual try-on network based on an interactive multi-head attention mechanism. Specifically, this article introduced an interactive multi-head attention mechanism in the clothing encoding block of the StableVITON to facilitate the interaction between different heads and learn rich feature correlations, so as to enhance the network attention performance and retain more clothing features and details. This article adopted various strategies to achieve this goal. Firstly, the latent space of the diffusion network was pre-trained to learn semantic correspondences between clothing and the human body. Secondly,  zero-cross-attention mechanism was introduced into the U-Net decoder. Lastly, the multi-head attention was adjusted to an interactive version which learns rich feature correlations through dense interaction mechanisms to enhance the combination of local and global information, reduce information loss, and improve the learning efficiency and stability of the model. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, qualitative and quantitative experiments were conducted on the VITON-HD dataset. Results show that this virtual try-on network generates more realistic overall clothing features and local details compared to other mainstream models. Compared to StableVITON, it improves the average Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) by 1.53%, reduces the average Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) by 0.71%, lowers Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) by 0.15%, and decreases Kernel Inception Distance (KID) by 1.14%. This network effectively preserves clothing feature details and significantly enhances image fidelity and its synthesized try-on images can provide consumers with a better shopping experience and can be widely used in digital fashion applications such as virtual try-on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of PCL/GEL nanofiber membrane and its adsorption properties YANG Haizhen, WANG Yibing, MA Chuang, AN Yubo, LÜ Mengyan, CHEN Ge Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (06): 119-125.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250614 Abstract （226）      PDF （9239KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save Water pollution is a global issue that has posed threats to both aquatic and human life for decades. The severity of water pollution and its associated health problems has significantly escalated in the 21st century, primarily due to population growth and urbanization. It is estimated that global freshwater demand will increase by 35% by 2050, which will exacerbate the problems of water pollution and scarcity. Currently, various chemical, physical, and biological methods have been introduced to address the challenge of water purification. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a non-toxic, biodegradable hydrophobic polymer with excellent flexibility and plasticity. Gelatin (GEL) is a hydrophilic conductive cationic biopolymer with high biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. GEL exhibits the ability to bind to functional surfaces through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. This paper focuses on the fabrication of PCL/GEL nanofiber membranes for heavy metal adsorption by combining PCL's superior mechanical properties and spinnability with GEL biopolymer's excellent hydrophilicity and surface charge density. To construct the PCL/GEL nanofiber membrane, a volume ratio of 4:1 between PCL and GEL spinning solutions was employed. Utilizing electrospinning technology, uniform and smooth PCL/GEL composite nanofibers with an average diameter of 230.49 nm were prepared under conditions of a spinning voltage of 12 kV, a flow rate of 1 mL/h, and a spinning distance of 12 cm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a JY-82 video contact angle measuring instrument were used to analyze and test the surface functional groups, crystal structure, and water contact angle of the nanofiber membrane, respectively. The results indicated that the characteristic peaks of both PCL and GEL appeared in the FTIR spectrum of the PCL/GEL fiber membrane, with only intensity variations observed in the absorption peaks, indicating a physical mixture of PCL and GEL. Due to the low content of PCL in the PCL/GEL nanofiber membrane, the XRD pattern of PCL/GEL resembled that of pure GEL. Furthermore, the combination of GEL and PCL significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity of the PCL/GEL composite nanofiber membrane. This enhancement was primarily attributed to the abundance of polar groups such as −NH2, −OH and −COOH/−COO− in GEL, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.  Finally, the adsorption properties of PCL, GEL, and PCL/GEL nanofiber membranes were evaluated using Cu2+ as the target ion. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the optimal adsorption conditions for PCL/GEL nanofiber membranes to exhibit the best adsorption capacity for Cu2+ were as follows: an initial Cu2+ concentration of 600 mg/L, a pH value of 6, and an adsorption time of 2 hours. Under these conditions, the saturated adsorption capacity of the PCL/GEL nanofiber membrane was found to be 27.42 mg/g, which was more than twice that of the pure PCL nanofiber membrane. Additionally, the adsorption behavior of Cu2+ onto PCL/GEL nanofiber membranes was more consistent with the Langmuir model. These results demonstrate that PCL/GEL nanofiber membranes possess high Cu2+ adsorption capacity and have potential applications in the removal of heavy metal ions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of waterborne pigment paste and its application in curtain fabrics WU Yaoyang, ZHOU Xiaoya, CHEN Kai Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (05): 75-85.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250509 Abstract （226）      PDF （9911KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save Colored curtains not only give a sense of pleasure and comfort for residents through color adjustment, but also offer strong UV protection. Currently, pigment printing and dyeing are the two most commonly used methods for preparing colored curtains. Compared with dyeing, pigment printing has advantages such as a wider range of applicability and being environmentally friendly. Meanwhile, pigments excel over dyes in terms of light resistance, chemical resistance, and weatherability, thus enhancing the weather resistance of curtain fabrics. However, an adhesive needs to be added due to the lack of affinity between pigments and fibers. The addition of adhesive can easily lead to secondary aggregation of color paste in waterborne dispersible pigments, which results in poor color uniformity in printing and affecting aesthetics and functionality of colored curtains. To clarify the synergistic dispersion mechanism between dispersants and adhesives in waterborne pigment paste, a series of waterborne pigment paste was prepared by screening different types of dispersants and adhesives, and color printed fabrics were prepared by using screen printing technology. By using a nanoscale laser particle sizer and a transmission electron microscope, the particle size and morphology of waterborne pigment paste were characterized. Comparative analyses were conducted on the K/S value, color fastness to dry and wet rubbing, air permeability, stiffness, breaking strength, UV protective performance, and UV light fastness of the colored curtain fabrics. The results indicated that dispersants containing aromatic ring structures had strong π-π interactions with adhesives, which could form a synergistic dispersion effect. Compared with the commercial dye/pigment coloring effects, the printed fabrics prepared with the pigment paste in this experiment exhibited the highest K/S value (4.4), achieved a color fastness rating of 5, improved breathability to 157.76 mm/s, and increased breaking strength to 1,700.90 N and stiffness to 8.92 cm. Additionally, the printed fabrics demonstrated excellent UV protection performance (TUPF: 95.3±0.7 and TUVA: 4.7%± 0.2%), and their fading rate was only half of commercial dyes, showcasing good application potential in the field of curtain fabrics. The research will not only provide technical support for the optimization of key process parameters in nano-based waterborne coatings but also offer certain theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the scientific design of high-UV-resistant colored curtain fabrics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of HKUST-1/viscose composite fibers WANG Liangyu, GAO Xiaohong, YU Caijiao, ZHANG Xueting, YANG Xuli, BAO Yuwen Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (05): 38-66.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250505 Abstract （224）      PDF （11075KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save As living standards continue to improve, people are placing increasing emphasis on personal hygiene and protection, gradually developing new types of green, healthy, and safe antibacterial textiles to replace traditional ones. Viscose fibers, as the most widely produced regenerated cellulose fibers, are widely used in textiles, medical applications, and other fields. During daily use, due to close contact with human skin and the external environment, bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms are prone to proliferate on textile surfaces. This not only poses a threat to human health but also affects the lifespan of the textiles. Combining viscose fibers with antibacterial agents is an important direction to develop new antibacterial textiles. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are multifunctional crystalline materials composed of metal ions and organic ligands. They have the advantages of high specific surface area, high porosity, structural diversity, and ease of adjustment and modification, making them a focal area of research in recent years. However, the majority of MOFs exist in powder form, which limits their recovery, processing, and molding. Choosing natural or modified flexible fibers as ideal substrates for depositing MOFs can, on the one hand, endow the fiber substrates with many new functions, realizing high-value utilization of the fibers. On the other hand, fiber substrates can provide a wider utilization space for MOFs, achieving multi-level development and utilization of MOFs. Therefore, combining HKUST-1 materials with binder fibers holds significant practical importance.  Under alkaline conditions, viscose fibers were carboxymethylated using chloroacetic acid to prepare carboxymethylated viscose fibers. Based on this, HKUST-1/viscose composite fibers were prepared through metal-organic coordination. The effects of factors such as the mass fraction of NaOH, the mass concentration of chloroacetic acid, etherification time, and etherification temperature on the Cu2+ adsorption capacity and mechanical properties of the bonded fibers were investigated. The apparent morphology and chemical structure of the adhesive fibers were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and XPS. Additionally, the antibacterial properties and wash durability of the HKUST-1/viscose composite fibers were tested.  The carboxymethylation process for viscose fibers is as follows: 0.5 g of viscose fibers, a sodium hydroxide mass fraction of 5%, a chloroacetic acid mass concentration of 20 g/L, etherification time of 45 minutes, and etherification temperature of 85 °C. Under these conditions, the prepared viscose fibers have a higher carboxyl group content, resulting in better Cu2+ adsorption performance, which facilitates the loading of HKUST-1 onto the fiber surface. After carboxymethylation treatment, the mechanical properties are slightly improved. SEM images show that under room temperature ultrasonic conditions, crystalline particles are successfully loaded onto the surface of the bonded fibers. Further confirmation through XRD and XPS reveals that the crystalline particles are HKUST-1. Antibacterial and wash durability tests indicate that HKUST-1/viscose composite fibers have good antibacterial properties. When the concentration of copper ammonia solution reaches 0.40 mmol/L, the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are 99.01% and 99.79%, respectively. After 50 cycles of standard washing, the antibacterial rates remain above 90%.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of airflow field in a carding machine based on CFD GE Shihao, LI Menghan, XING Mingjie, LI Qiuying Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (06): 17-26.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250603 Abstract （221）      PDF （12910KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save The carding machine is one of the key equipments in the spinning process, and its internal airflow movement law directly affects the combing effect, card sliver quality and production efficiency. However, most previous studies have focused on specific components of carding machines, leaving significant gaps in understanding airflow behavior across the entire machine structure. This study investigates the JWF1217 carding machine through numerical simulations and operational testing, aiming to comprehensively analyze its internal airflow patterns so as to provide theoretical basis for the structural optimization and performance improvement of the carding machines. In numerical simulation, firstly, the fluid domain model of carding machine was established by using ANSYS Workbench software. In the process of modeling, geometric features such as fillets, chamfers, and bosses, which have less influence on the air flow, were appropriately simplified. Meanwhile, the depth of the needle cloth of each working part was fully considered to ensure the accuracy of the model. Then, the fluid domain model was divided into structured tetrahedral grids, and the boundary conditions of the inlet and outlet of the airflow were reasonably set, and then the standard k-ε turbulence model was selected for simulation. The fluid domain was then meshed with structured tetrahedral grids, with appropriate boundary conditions defined for the airflow inlets and outlets, followed by simulation using the standard k-ε turbulence model. In order to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation results, the actual operation test was carried out and compared with the numerical simulation results. The simulation results reveal the main components of the airflow in the carding machine, including the airflow generated by the rotation of the working roll, the airflow sucked by the dust filter pipe, and the external airflow intake. At the same time, the simulation results also show the distribution of the airflow pressure field and velocity field in the whole carding machine, dust filtering area and carding area. The results show that the overall pressure distribution inside the carding machine is appropriate. The pressure decreases along the X direction at the cotton mesh cleaner, the cylinder undercasing and the falling area, which is beneficial to the short fiber and dust to enter the dust filter pipe with the air flow. The pressure in the dust filter pipe decreases from bottom to top and from outside to inside, the pressure drop is stable without abrupt changes, the negative pressure utilization rate is high and the energy loss is low, which is conducive to removing dust. Vortices are observed in the licker-in falling of the main carding region. Downward airflow promotes impurity removal, while upward airflow supports fiber alignment, ensuring stable carding performance. In the cylinder-revolving flat interface, the airflow effect is dominant near the suction point of the dust filter pipe, while the mechanical effect is more significant away from the suction point. In the cylinder-doffer triangle area, the airflow on the surface of the cylinder and the doffer is relatively independent and does not interfere with each other, which is beneficial to reduce the mutual entanglement and damage between the fibers. The experimental results show that the numerical simulation results are basically consistent with the experimental measurements, which verifies the reliability and accuracy of the numerical simulation method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of conductive liquid micro-leakage localization fabrics and design of a detection system XU Shuai, YANG Xiaofang, MAO Lei, GENG Nannan Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 110-119.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250313 Abstract （217）      PDF （6492KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save  Conductive liquids are generally easy to detect due to their conductivity. However, sensors arranged at a single point can only be effective when a large volume of liquid flows through, often failing to detect micro-leaks in a timely manner. Liquid leak sensing cables extend leak detection from a point to a line, but they still require a substantial amount of liquid to flow through the cable to trigger an alert. Existing smart fabrics further extend leak detection from lines to planes, enabling real-time detection of micro-leaks of conductive liquids as low as a single drop (0.05 mL). Despite this advancement, they cannot provide feedback on the location of the leak. For detecting the location of leaks, there are two primary methods: continuous localization and zonal localization. Although the accuracy of zonal localization is lower than that of continuous localization, in practical use, it is a low-cost and practical solution to first identify the area where the micro-leak is located (usually with meter-level accuracy) and then manually conduct further detection and handling. The main challenge of zonal localization is to achieve more zoning with as few output wires as possible.  This paper designs a smart fabric for detecting and locating conductive liquid micro-leak. The fabric features 2n conductive warp yarns along its edges, each warp yarn making contact with the densely arranged conductive weft yarns on the fabric. The warp yarns are further interwoven to form n2 detection combinations, corresponding to n2 regions along the warp direction of the fabric. By scanning the on/off status of these detection combinations, the location of the leak can be identified. The number of regions formed by these warp cross-combinations, which is n2, is significantly greater than the 2n-1 regions formed by conventional combinations. In this study, a smart fabric with six conductive warp yarns was prototyped. Slices of the fabric were prepared for structural observation, and a dedicated circuit was set up for electrical testing. A drip test was conducted to verify the localization function, and a specialized detection system was developed for trial use. The slice observations reveal that the double warp structure can achieve both isolation and contact between warp and weft yarns, ensuring electrical insulation and conduction. Testing of the circuit demonstrates the repeatability and reliability of the double warp structure, meeting the needs for constructing numerous detection combinations and supporting large-scale production. Functional verification tests of the fabric's locating detection show that the prototype fabric, using 3+3=6 warp yarns, can achieve zonal localization for 3²=9 zones. When paired with a detection system equipped with automatic selection and conduction identification functions, the fabric can monitor micro-leaks in real time and feedback the location of the leak occurrence. Due to the square-increasing relationship between the number of zones and half the number of warp yarns, expanding the aforementioned 6 conductive warp yarns can enable the fabric to feedback the exact location of leaks with meter-level accuracy within a range of tens to hundreds of meters. However, the current application range of this fabric is relatively narrow. Future research will focus on integrating it with other materials, such as embedding it into concrete, pipelines, large containers, etc., to expand its usage.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Process optimization and conductivity of flexible silver-clad copper printed circuits ZHONG Mei, CHEN Xiaodong, QIU Li, DONG Qijing, LONG Tianyu Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 131-140.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250415 Abstract （216）      PDF （13058KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, people’s demands for health, quality of life, and safety are steadily increasing. Smart clothing, a novel product integrating technology and fashion, has gradually entered people’s lives. It seamlessly combines technology and fashion. By embedding sensors, circuits, microprocessors, and other components, it fulfills functions such as interacting with the wearer, monitoring health status, and enhancing athletic performance. Smart clothing has emerged as a significant trend in the future development of the clothing industry. The design of smart clothing must balance human comfort with complex circuitry arrangements. As the desired functionality increases, the circuitry becomes more intricate, significantly complicating the clothing production process and potentially compromising comfort. The flexible silver-clad copper printed circuits developed in this study can, to a certain extent, replace traditional wires, effectively simplifying complex circuitry while enhancing clothing comfort without compromising functionality. In this study, samples prepared through single-factor experiments on printed circuits underwent washing and bending tests. Additionally, orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the optimal printing conditions for the application of these circuits. Through single-factor experiments on thickness, line width, and quality of conductive particles, the approximate range for the orthogonal experiment was determined. After determining the approximate range, the orthogonal experiment was carried out, and three factors were selected, namely thickness, line width, and quality of conductive particles. Each factor had three levels to optimize the process conditions of the flexible printed circuit. Testing and characterization involved the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thickness measurements, resistance tests, bending tests, and washing tests. The resistance of the silver-coated copper printed circuit under different conditions was tested to reflect the conductivity of the printed circuit. The results of single-factor experiments showed that the optimal conditions were with 4, 5, and 6 layers in thickness, line width of 0.7 cm, 0.8 cm and 0.9 cm, quality of conductive particles of 4.1 g, 4.25 g, and 4.4 g evenly dispersed silver-coated copper particles and 5g of transparent mortar. The uniform dispersion was used as reference to establish a three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment. The results of orthogonal experiment show that the printing circuit has good washability and bending performance under the process of printing 6 layers, namely 0.22 cm, printing line width 0.9 cm, 4.25 g conductive particles and 5 g transparent mortar quality. The sample of silver-coated copper ink printing circuit was prepared. The morphology test, elemental analysis and bending washing temperature test of the sample were carried out. It was found that the printing was uniform and the particle distribution was uniform. The sample exhibited a relatively low resistance of 1.2 Ω, the change before and after washing 10 times was 0 Ω, and the resistance changed by 0.7 Ω after 1000 bending cycles. The sample is not affected by temperature, and it remains relatively stable even at 300°C. The best process summarized provides reference for future flexible printed circuits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mesoscopic finite element simulation of fabric bending due to self-weight GU Bingfeia, b , c, TANG Wenjuana, XU Wang, YUAN Zishuna, b , c Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (06): 62-70.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250608 Abstract （213）      PDF （10009KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save The bending performance of fabrics is one of the key factors determining their deformation ability. Figuring out the bending mechanical properties of fabrics is crucial for designers and engineers to make accurate predictions and optimizations at the early stages of product development. By establishing simulation models to mimic and analyze the impact of different design parameters on fabric bending performance, the structure, materials, and processes of fabrics can be optimized, thereby enhancing the product's overall performance and quality. Furthermore, finite element simulation of fabric properties can significantly shorten the research and development cycle and reduce experimental costs. Therefore, establishing predictable finite element models for fabric bending at the mesoscopic level to study the bending performance of fabrics can better meet the needs of modern product development. High-performance fabrics like Kevlar® and carbon fiber fabrics, celebrated for their strength and lightweight attributes, are extensively used in multifunctional products such as protective gear and sports equipment. A deeper understanding of the bending performance of these high-performance materials can further elevate the design and manufacturing standards of multifunctional products to meet complex application requirements.  Taking the high-performance Kevlar® plain woven fabric as the research object, this paper proposes a mesoscopic finite element modeling method based on the sag bending of the fabric under its self-weight to simulate the bending mechanical response at the yarn level. The preprocessing module of the ABAQUS finite element software is utilized to model the buckling of the yarns and assemble them into plain woven fabrics. In this study, a linear elastic orthotropic material model is utilized, and linear reduced integration solid elements are meshed, followed by a mesh sensitivity analysis. A mesh size of 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm is ultimately selected. The fabric model is subjected to fixed boundary conditions and a global gravity load to simulate the bending of the fabric under gravity. Due to the complex contact nonlinearities between the yarns in the mesoscopic model, an explicit solver is used for the calculations. However, to mitigate numerical oscillations caused by the stability limitations of the explicit algorithm, damping is added as a control measure in this study. Through the aforementioned method, the bending of a 7 cm Kevlar® fabric under its self-weight is successfully simulated, and the droop displacement and deformation angle at the pendant end are extracted and compared with experimental results. The differences are found to be within 6%, and the bending shapes from the simulation and experiments are basically consistent, demonstrating good simulation results. To validate the model's generalizability, an 11 cm Kevlar® fabric model and a 9 cm glass fiber fabric model are also created. The droop displacement and deformation angles of these fabric models fall within the experimental error range, and the bending shapes of the models closely match the experimental results after contour similarity matching, indicating that the established fabric bending model possesses good generalizability.  The mesoscopic model of fabric self-weight bending established in this paper provides a modeling approach for studying fabric bending performance at the yarn level, which helps to minimize the consumption of experimental fabrics and shorten the product development cycle. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clean dyeing process of cationic polyester blended fabrics based on a response surface method ZHOU Shihang, CHEN Yangyi, WANG Ruya, YE Xiaorou Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 60-67.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250407 Abstract （212）      PDF （3180KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save The polyester fiber is the largest variety of synthetic fibers in the world, which occupies a very important position in the field of textile and garment. With the improvement of people's living standards, people have also put forward new requirements for polyester blended fabrics, paying more attention to their comfort and functionality. Compared with ordinary polyester, cationic (dyeable) polyester has a softer texture than ordinary polyester, and has a certain hydrophilicity and unique two-color effect. However, in the dyeing process, the energy consumption and water consumption are high, and the production efficiency is low. The wastewater is not conducive to direct discharge, and the wastewater has high color, unstable pH, organic pollutants and high content of refractory components, resulting in a large number of wastewater and wastewater recovery. In addition, the use of various additives increases the difficulty of subsequent fabric cleaning, and the dyeing process is cumbersome and not environmentally friendly, which limits its further industrial development. To explore the dyeing process of cationic polyester blended fabrics, the response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the process of cationic dyeable polyester, with decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as the medium and K/S value as the corresponding value. The main factors affecting the dyeing process of cationic dyeable polyester were screened by Plackett-Berman experiment through the influence of single factors on the dyeing process, such as dye dosage, D5 dosage and dyeing time. P value less than 0.05 was considered to have a significant impact on this factor, and p value less than 0.01 was considered to have an extremely significant impact on this factor. According to the p value, it was found that the dyeing temperature was the biggest factor affecting the K/S value, followed by the amount of dye and the amount of D5. On this basis, three factors having a significant effect on the color depth value were selected, and the response surface method (RSM) was established by using the central composite design (CCD) method. The response surface results were obtained and analyzed. On this basis, the influence of the interaction between various factors on the K/S value of cationic polyester blended fabrics was carried out. In summary, the K/S value was used as the response surface to establish the dyeing process optimization of cationic polyester blended fabrics, and the difference of the obtained response surface model was compared. The results show that the optimum dye dosage of cationic polyester blended fabrics is 1.6% (o.w.f), the dosage of D5 is 93.5%, the dyeing time is 60 min, and the dyeing temperature is 108 °C. The dyeing results show that the K/S value can be increased by increasing the amount of D5 and dyeing temperature, and the dyeing time should not exceed 60 min. RSM experiment predicts the optimal process of cationic polyester blended fabrics. According to this process, the parallel test is carried out, and the comparison error is less than 0.2. It shows that the verification results are basically consistent with the predicted values, which can more accurately reflect the depth of color change. It can fully describe the relationship between the influencing factors of cationic polyester blended fabrics' dyeing conditions and the dyeing results. It shows that the model design is reasonable, stable and reliable. In addition, the color fastness test results of the fabric show that the dyed fabric has good washing resistance, friction resistance and light fastness, all of which are above four levels. RSM provides a simple and effective method to optimize acorn dyeing process. This study provides useful reference for the clean dyeing of cationic polyester blended fabrics Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and performance of strain-sensing smart gloves ZHANG Xinyu, YIN Xia, GAO Shouwu, ZHOU Chuanli, CHEN Fuxing, TIAN Mingwei Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (03): 102-109.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250312 Abstract （212）      PDF （10820KB）（56）       Knowledge map    Save To develop a full-textile smart data glove for gesture recognition, intarsia plating technology and knitted full-forming technology were used to seamlessly introduce flexible strain sensors into the finger joints. Therefore, a flexible knitted strain sensor was successfully developed and applied to the preparation of fully fashioned smart gloves.  Firstly, the flexible strain sensor was developed by using intarsia plating technology. The sensor was characterized in detail, including surface morphology, air permeability, sensitivity, response time, strain monitoring range, cyclic stability and water washing resistance. The sensitivity factor depends on the stretching direction. Results showed that the sensitivity of longitudinal (along the wales) stretching was much higher than that of transverse (along the courses) stretching. Therefore, the performance testing of the knitted sensor and the developed smart gloves imbedded with these sensors were all based on the longitudinal stretching mode. The measured sensitivity coefficient of the knitted strain sensor ranged from 13 to 90 within 30% strain, the response time was less than 50 ms, and it still maintained a relatively stable resistance after 8,000 cycles of stretching, showing good sensing performance. The testing results confirmed the ability of the sensor to capture strain signals in real time. In addition, the sensor also retained good breathability and wearing comfort of conventional fabric gloves.  Then, the fully fashioned strain-sensing glove was developed by using knitted full-forming technology. Ten knitted sensors, which were located at 10 finger joints of five fingers, were incorporated. As for the preparation of smart gloves, advanced CAD design and a computerized flatbed knitting machine were adopted. The sensors reflect the bending state of the finger. Through the data acquisition and transmission system, the prepared knitted strain-sensing glove can accurately capture and distinguish hand movements in real time, so as to achieve dynamic gesture monitoring. In terms of hand function training for gesture recognition, the sensor glove shows excellent sensing ability to accurately capture small changes in hand movements. Therefore, by real-time monitoring of hand movement speed and finger curvature, this smart glove can serve as a rehabilitation training tool for patients with hand movement disorders. By collecting samples of different hand gestures and aided by the machine learning algorithm, an efficient gesture recognition model was built, which achieved the average recognition accuracy of 99.5% in the actual test. The smart sensing gloves can effectively realize gesture recognition and be used in scenarios such as hand function training and human-computer interaction. It has broad application prospects in fields such as rehabilitation medicine and leisure and entertainment. In the future, with the flexibility of knitting technology and the diversity of knitting structures, fully fashioned knitted sensor devices such as smart knee pads and smart elbow pads can also be made, which have broad application prospects in rehabilitation medicine and sports. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A method for visual feature extraction and characterization of fabric tensile deformation LI Jia, YUAN Zhilei, SHI Wenhui, XU Pinghua Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (05): 86-95.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250510 Abstract （199）            Knowledge map    Save The application of textile materials has gradually expanded into fields such as smart wearables, construction, aerospace and healthcare, posing higher demands on the analysis of basic mechanical properties of materials. Existing measurement methods primarily focus on the overall tensile results of fabrics. However, in the context of evaluating new material developments, there are still many obstacles in distinguishing the localized stress variations in textile materials with different characteristics and treatment methods. How to fully utilize the advantages of non-contact measurement to accurately capture subtle changes during the fabric tensile process and how to establish a reasonable connection between these changes and the mechanical properties of the fabric remain issues that require in-depth research. This paper proposed a method to explore the relationship between fabrics' dynamic tensile stress and morphological changes based on machine vision technology. Through comparative research with fabric tensile tests, the feasibility of applying machine vision technology in fabric tensile tests was explored, and the consistency of results between machine vision analysis and traditional tests was demonstrated. A self-built video sampling device was used to record the stretching process, with the video frames decomposed into sequential images for steps such as image preprocessing, object segmentation, and feature extraction. The external morphological features of the fabric affected by tensile load were extracted from the images. Furthermore, the Poisson's ratio of the fabric was calculated, and the results were correlated with its tensile properties to expand the methods for detecting fabric tensile performance. Additionally, the feasibility of machine vision technology in measuring fabric tensile deformation characteristic index under different treatment methods was validated. The results indicate that the data obtained using machine vision technology are in good agreement with those acquired through traditional measurement methods, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method in this study. Furthermore, to explore the capability of machine vision technology in capturing subtle changes during fabric stretching and its potential for application in fabric performance evaluation, ANOVA or non-parametric tests were conducted on fabric tensile deformation characteristic index under different treatment methods. The research results demonstrate that there are significant differences in elongation among woven polyester, knitted polyester, and woven wool, indicating a clear distinction in the distribution of their elongation characteristics. Moreover, different treatment methods also have an impact on the elongation properties of the materials. Materials subjected to soaking in clear water, one-time washing, and five-time washing exhibit relatively concentrated elongation data with low variability, whereas samples soaked in detergent or subjected to light aging treatment show greater variability. For the shrinkage index at the narrowest point, woven wool and knitted wool also exhibit significant differences. Further analysis reveals that under various treatment conditions, samples subjected to five washes demonstrate higher variability, while those soaked in laundry detergent or exposed to light aging for 30 hours exhibit lower variability. This verifies that machine vision technology demonstrates good separability in fabric characteristic analysis, particularly in the elongation index, where its performance surpasses that of the narrowest point shrinkage index. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in single-sheet separation technology of flexible fiber sheets QI Lulua, YU Yongmin, GU Minghui, MEI Shunqi, HUANG Jiale Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (07): 1-11.   DOI: 10.12477/j.att.202409047 Abstract （199）      PDF （10936KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Fiber sheets can be classified into three main categories based on their production processes and structures: woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics and paper. Due to their characteristics of softness and lightness, coupled with fast production speeds, high output, low costs, and a wide range of raw material sources, they have found widespread applications in textile and apparel, medical and hygiene, industrial production, and daily life.  To meet the needs of automated equipment, scholars at home and abroad have developed various separation methods, including air-flow adsorption separation, friction separation, electrostatic separation, air-flow induction separation, needle-punch suction cup separation, and robotic grasping separation. Among these, needle-punch suction cup grasping separation, robotic grasping separation, air-flow adsorption separation, and electrostatic adsorption separation are more widely used in the single-sheet separation of woven fabrics. When robotic grasping and needle-punch suction cup methods are used for separation, the reliability is relatively high, but the structure of the fiber sheet can be easily damaged, making it impossible to guarantee a damage-free separation. Air-flow adsorption separation does not directly contact the material during the separation process, which helps avoid contamination and damage. However, in separating thin, soft, and easily deformable fiber sheets, it tends to absorb multiple sheets at once, affecting its accuracy and reliability. Electrostatic separation has advantages such as high efficiency, energy-saving, and environmental friendliness, but it requires specific environmental conditions and is difficult to achieve a damage-free and stable separation effect. Friction separation and air-flow induction separation are mainly used for single-sheet separation of paper products. Friction separation has a simple structure and high reliability but consumes more energy and has limited applicability. For single-sheet separation of non-woven fabric in stacked conditions, manual operation is still required, and there is currently a lack of precise, efficient, and damage-free automated separation technology. Given the current issues in the single-sheet separation process of fiber sheets, such as structural damage, low separation accuracy and reliability, and insufficient separation efficiency, to achieve efficient and precise single-sheet separation of stacked fiber sheets, it is imperative to develop separation devices that are efficient, economical, and highly reliable in the future, so as to facilitate efficient integration with robotic arms. Continuous optimization of the separation mechanism is required to enhance the success rate and precision of single-sheet separation of fiber sheets. Additionally, the development of separation mechanisms with a broader range of applications is required, not only suitable for non-woven fabrics but also for other flexible sheets. In the future, based on the realization of automated separation of fiber sheets, artificial intelligence technologies such as image recognition and machine vision should be integrated to replace humans in executing specific tasks in a more efficient and precise manner. This will optimize the use of human resources, allowing them to be more focused on high-value activities such as innovation, decision-making, and complex problem-solving. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of laser engraving on fabric structure and transmittance MIAO Yongda, JIN Xiaoke, TIAN Wei, DING Hao, ZHU Chengyan Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 43-51.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250405 Abstract （198）      PDF （16299KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Laser engraving stands as a significant material processing technology, widely employed in the textile and apparel industries due to its distinctive advantages of ease of manipulation, high precision, and cost-effectiveness. Currently, research on laser engraving in household textiles has garnered significant attention, curtains are a crucial component of household textiles, and through laser engraving, they can exhibit a multi-layered three-dimensional effect, thereby enhancing the visual appeal of the indoor environment. However, the high-temperature etching effect during laser engraving may cause penetrating damage to the fabric, thereby impacting the visual privacy of curtain fabrics, which is commonly characterized by transmittance. To analyze the influence of laser engraving on the structure and transmittance of the fabric, this paper uses different laser engraving parameter combinations (laser power of 3 W, 6 W, 9 W, 12 W, 15 W and 18 W, and laser speed of 500 mm/s, 400 mm/s, 300 mm/s and 200 mm/s) to process cotton and polyester fabrics. First, through microscopic morphological observation using an electron microscope, it was found that the cotton fabric, under the effect of laser thermal energy, exhibited expansion, rupture, and even vaporization removal. The cotton fibers were charred and fell off, yarn cohesion disintegrated, and the interlaced structure of the fabric became looser. The polyester fabric, on the other hand, underwent melting, flowing, and even vaporization decomposition. The fabric surface transitioned from scattered granular polyester to connected bulk polyester, accompanied by fine cracks. On the other hand, the polyester fabric underwent melting and flow, even vaporization and decomposition, with the fabric's surface transitioning from scattered granules of polyester to bonded blocks of polyester accompanied by fine cracks. Following this, Image J software was utilized to standardize the pores at the penetration points of the fabric's transmitted grayscale images for porosity calculation. The number of pores and porosity rate on cotton and polyester fabrics are positively correlated with the laser engraving energy. The transmitted grayscale images showed that the pores in the cotton fabric after laser engraving were approximately shaped like water droplets or ellipses, while those in the polyester fabric were mostly irregular. Both types of pores appeared at the intersections of warp and weft threads. As the laser engraving energy increased, the thickness of the cotton fabric decreased, and the thickness of the polyester fabric initially increased and then decreased, mainly due to the polyester becoming more rigid and harder to compress after laser engraving. Finally, the influencing factors of fabric transmittance after laser engraving were investigated using the gray relational analysis method and correlation theory, and the porosity rate after laser engraving was the primary factor influencing the fabric's transmittance, showing a highly significant positive correlation. The fabric thickness, on the other hand, had an extremely significant negative correlation with the fabric's transmittance. This study analyzes the action mechanism of laser on fabrics, explores the effects of laser engraving parameters on the structure of fabrics, and studies the relationship among laser mechanism, fabric structure, and transmittance. The findings of this study can serve as reference for the application of laser engraving technology in textiles such as curtains. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of flexible Janus superhydrophobic electrodes#br# ZHANG Haojie, DING Yaru, LIU Rangtong, WANG Jingjing, YU Yuanyuan Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (04): 105-112.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250412 Abstract （198）      PDF （14586KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Textile-based flexible electrodes are widely used in flexible sensing, human-computer interaction, and health detection due to their excellent flexibility, high pore density, and low cost. However, due to the electrically insulating nature of traditional textiles, it is often necessary to use methods such as dipping, spraying, and electrodeposition to make the textile electrically conductive; the conductive materials in these flexible electrodes are prone to detachment during bending and folding. In addition, the electrode material is susceptible to water infiltration in the environment during use, which in turn affects the electrical stability of the material. Therefore, the Janus interface constructed on the surface of the electrode material can achieve waterproof and moisture-permeable performance of the electrode surface. To construct the Janus interface on the fabric electrode surface to enhance the waterproof and moisture permeability of the electrode, and the stability of the active substance adhesion on the fabric electrode surface, carbon black was electrostatically self-assembled onto the surface of PEI-modified polyester, and then polymerization of polypyrrole on the surface of the carbon coating was used to prepare carbon /polypyrrole/polyester conductive materials; polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used to hydrophobize the conductive fibers and construct the Janus membrane to make the electrode waterproof and self-cleaning. Moreover, PDMS can be used as a curing agent to enhance the adhesion between the conductive material and polyester fibers, preventing the conductive material and the active material from falling off in the state of folding, bending, and twisting. The prepared samples passed a series of tests, and the results showed that: the constructed hydrophobic coating can effectively resist the interference of external liquid droplets, and the static contact angle of water droplets was 151.73°; the Janus structure can effectively increase the infiltration rate of the hydrophilic side, and 8 μL of deionized water was completely absorbed within 1.6 s; due to the solidification of active substances by PDMS, the capacity retention rate of the flexible electrode after 1,000 cycles of bending was 98.4%; the composite coating of carbon black and polypyrrole increased the area-specific capacitance of the flexible electrode to 1,037 mF/cm² (at a current density of 1 mA/cm²); the area specific capacitance retention rate was 96.6% after 4,000 cycles of cyclic charging and discharging. The composite structure design of the superhydrophobic coating and polypyrrole/carbon black exhibits complementary gain effects, providing a material basis for the research of lightweight and high-performance flexible wearable devices and energy storage devices. The constructed Janus electrode with its hydrophobic surface possesses high surface energy, which can accelerate the wetting performance of the hydrophilic surface and enhance the electrochemical reaction rate.  Through a series of tests and characterizations, it is proved that the prepared unilateral superhydrophobic electrodes have excellent performance in terms of wettability, flexibility, electrochemical performance, and cycling performance, which provides a new idea for the research of lightweight, high-performance, and low-cost flexible electronic energy storage devices. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of poly (p-dioxanone) Janus micro/nanofiber membranes XING Ruiquan, TIAN Xin, GUO Junyu, CHENG Jinxue, GUO Minjie Advanced Textile Technology    2025, 33 (06): 110118-.   DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250613 Abstract （196）      PDF （15610KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save Poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) is an aliphatic polyether ester recognized for its biodegradability and biocompatibility. The unique ether bonds in the molecular chain give PPDO good flexibility and broad application prospects in biomedicine. Janus micro/nanofiber membranes have the characteristics of high specific surface area, high porosity and asymmetric wettability, which can realize the special function of directional water transport, and have the application potential in tissue patches, novel wound dressings and other fields. Electrospinning is a commonly used method for preparing Janus fiber membranes, which can obtain micro/nanofiber membranes with diverse structures and functions by adjusting process parameters and coordinating multiple technologies. However, the poor interfacial bonding stability of heterogeneous materials in Janus fiber membranes limits their application. In this paper, Janus fiber membranes were constructed by layer-by-layer electrospinning with the structurally controllable PPDO micro/nanofiber membrane as the intrinsic transition layer to improve the interface bonding instability of heterogeneous material caused by excessive wetting gradient. In the paper, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were used for hydrophilic modification of PPDO, and the CNC/PPDO hydrophilic layer was prepared by electrospinning. Subsequently, a PPDO intrinsic transition layer and a polylactic acid (PLA) hydrophobic layer were sequentially spun onto the surface of the hydrophilic layer using a layer-by-layer electrospinning method, and finally PPDO Janus micro-nano fiber membranes were obtained. This paper also investigated the impact of CNC mass fraction on the performance of the hydrophilic layer, the influence of the hydrophobic layer's thickness on the unidirectional wet permeability of Janus micro/nanofiber membranes, the effect of the transition layer on the stability of interfacial bonding, and the degradability of Janus micro/nanofiber membranes. The results showed that the fiber diameter and mechanical strength showed a first increase and then decrease pattern with the increase of the CNC mass fraction. Specifically, the CNC/PPDO fiber membrane with a CNC mass fraction of 15% has the largest fiber diameter and the best mechanical strength of 4.39 MPa. When this fiber membrane is used as the hydrophilic layer in the Janus membrane structure, it demonstrates a contact angle of 49.5°, a wicking height of 103 mm, and a water absorption rate of 190.28%. When the micro pump propulsion rate is 0.2 mL/h and the spinning time is in the 25–30 min range, the obtained PLA layer exhibits an appropriate thickness and stable interfacial bonding with the intrinsic transition layer of PPDO, ensuring stable-state water flow between the interface. The different diffusion performances of blue droplets in  hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers indicate that water can selectively penetrate the PPDO intrinsic transition layer in the Janus structure to realize a stable unidirectional water-conducting process. The hydrophilic layer is one of the main parts that determines the degradable Janus membrane, and in vitro degradation experiments of PPDO micro/nanofiber membranes with different CNC mass fractions and CNC/PPDO micro/nanofiber membranes show that the addition of CNC can delay the degradation of PPDO micro/nanofiber membranes and CNC/PPDO micro/nanofiber membranes. This Janus micro/nanofiber membrane, which utilizes PPDO intrinsic material as its transition layer and is fully biodegradable, features a stable interface between hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. It exhibits excellent unidirectional wet permeability and biodegradability, making it a promising candidate for medical applications such as novel wound dressings and tissue patches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics