Abstract:

Similarity between cashmere and sheep wool in appearance, physical and chemical properties are two main reasons why traditional detection methods can't distinguish them objectively. To solve this problem fundamentally, starting from the most essential characteristics of life, researchers developed a new detection method for fibrokeratin of special animals and a detection method for the genetic material DNA in medullary cells. This review provides a systematic comparative analysis of several existing molecular biological detection methods, and focuses on the basic principle, development history, application scope and existing problems of these methods. Among them, DNA detection features a high sensitivity, but a limited applicable scope. While protein analysis is more stable, and easy to achieve qualitative detection of a variety of mixtures, but its sensitivity is not as good as that of DNA detection. In conclusion, molecular biological detection methods are a good supplement to traditional methods and can provide objective and consistent results within their scope of application.

Key words: cashmere, wool, DNA, protein, identification

摘要：

山羊绒、绵羊毛外观相似,理化性质相近,这是传统检测方法无法客观区分两者最主要的原因。为从根本上解决这个问题, 科研人员从生命最本质的特征入手,开发了针对特种动物纤维角蛋白检测方法,以及毛髓细胞内的遗传物质DNA的检测方法。文章简述了检测的基本原理、发展历程、应用范围及存在的问题,对目前存在的几种分子生物学检测方法作了较为系统的比较分析。其中,DNA检测灵敏度高,但使用范围受限;蛋白检测方法较为稳定,易于实现多种混合物的定性检测,但灵敏度不及DNA检测法。总之,分子生物学检测法是传统检测法的有益补充,在其适用范围内,可以提供客观一致的检测结果。

关键词: 羊绒, 羊毛, DNA, 蛋白质, 鉴别