Abstract: Oil resources play an important role in social development, but there are also problems. For example, accidents in oil exploitation and transportation lead to a large number of oil spills in rivers, lakes and seas. If the oil pollution cannot be treated in time, it will cause serious harm to the ecological environment, waste of non renewable energy and loss of the national economy. Oil pollution treatment is not only a common problem facing the world, but also an urgent problem to be solved. The traditional methods for oil pollution treatment mainly include combustion method, fence collection method, chemical method, etc. However, it often leads to time consumption, high cost, poor effect, secondary pollution and other deficiencies. Therefore, how to efficiently and environmentally treat oil pollution is extremely important.
In order to better deal with various hazards caused by oil spill events, researchers have used electrospinning technology to prepare nanofiber membranes for oil treatment in recent years. Compared with traditional oil treatment methods, the fiber membrane prepared by electrospinning technology has small diameter, high specific surface area, small density, large porosity, high oil absorption efficiency and hydrophobic property. Therefore, in this paper, natural degradable polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as the raw material, PCL fiber membranes with different mass fractions were prepared by electrospinning method, and the surface morphology of the fibers was observed by scanning electron microscope. The water contact angle, oil absorption rate and oil retention rate of PCL fiber membranes with different mass fractions were tested and analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of PCL mass fraction, the fiber diameter gradually increased. When the PCL mass fraction was 16%, there was no beaded structure between the fibers, the diameter distribution was uniform, and the average diameter was 324 nm, exhibiting good spinnability. The contact angle of PCL fiber membrane to water was 137.08°, the highest oil absorption rates of engine oil, peanut oil and rapeseed oil were 36.73 g/g, 34.20 g/g and 30.63 g/g, respectively, and the oil retention rates were all above 55%. After five cycles of use, the oil absorption rates of the three oils could still surpass 15.0 g/g. It shows that the PCL fiber membrane has favourable hydrophobic performance, oil absorption performance, oil retention and certain recycling performance.
The nanofiber membrane prepared by electrospinning technology and the traditional method for oil pollution treatment have good hydrophobic property, oil absorption, recycling performance, environmental protection and other advantages, and has a good application prospects in the field of oil-water separation. At the same time, the research results can provide theoretical value and reference for replacing the shortcomings of traditional methods to deal with oil pollution.

Key words: electrospinning, polycaprolactone(PCL), fiber membrane, hydrophobic property, oil absorption performance

摘要： 为了减少海洋溢油事故带来的危害,选取天然可降解的聚己内酯(PCL)为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备不同质量分数的PCL纤维膜,利用扫描电镜观察纤维形貌,并对不同质量分数的PCL纤维膜水接触角、吸油倍率和保油率进行测试与分析。结果表明:随PCL质量分数的增加,纤维直径逐渐增大。当PCL质量分数为16%时,纤维之间无串珠结构,直径分布均匀,平均直径324 nm,具有较好的可纺性。纤维膜对水的接触角为137.08°,对3种油的吸油倍率最高分别为机油36.73 g/g、花生油34.20 g/g和菜籽油30.63 g/g,保油率均在55.0%以上,经过5次循环使用后,对3种油的吸油倍率仍均可达到15.0 g/g以上。说明PCL纤维膜具有良好的疏水性能、吸油性能、保油性和一定的循环使用性能,在油水分离领域具有较好的应用前景。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 聚己内酯(PCL), 纤维膜, 疏水性能, 吸油性能