Abstract: Down materials, as a kind of animal-derived materials, are obtained mainly by means of mechanical or manual depilation after blanching and slaughtering, and adsorbs soil, dust, oil, dander, bloodstain, feces, small blood vessels, bacteria and viruses and feathers and other impurities. If the surface stains of down materials are not washed in time, they will not only reduce the quality of down materials (discoloration, unpleasant odor, hardened feel, low fluffiness, poor warmth, etc.) to affect the later use, but also breed harmful bacteria and viruses causing respiratory tract, intestinal diseases and skin allergies, itching and other uncomfortable symptoms of the body, and even endangering safety of life. However, the current studies on down material mainly focus on surface modification, antibacterial finishing, down material performance optimization and evaluation, product design, etc., and there were few studies on the washing mechanism and green-washing technology of down materials. Additionally, fine-washing for down materials is an important link to remove the down material adhesion on the surface of water-soluble, oily, solid, insoluble organic matter and other stains, to achieve the deashing, degreasing, deodorization, disinfection and sterilization purposes, but also an important operation to obtain good flexibility, resilience, and warmth. In addition, 70% of the down material enterprises in China are facing the problems of "high pollution, high energy consumption and performance degradation after washing", which is contrary to the green and sustainable production strategy advocated by our country.
In order to develop an efficient and green washing process for down materials, we took the down materials after initial washing as the experimental object, systematically investigating the relationship among different water temperatures, bath ratios, main washing times, washing speeds, rinsing times, detergent dosages of fine-washing stage and the properties of down materials after washing. It is found that the water temperature, detergent dosage, main washing speed and washing time are the main factors affecting the cleanliness of down materials after washing, while the main bath ratio, rinse bath ratio, rinse speed and rinse times have relatively little influence on the cleanliness of down materials after washing. The influence of fine-washing process conditions on the fluffy degree of down materials is not obvious, but the fluffy degree of down materials is reduced because of excessively long washing time and excessively high washing rotation speed. The influence trend of fine washing technology on the residual value and oxygen consumption of down material after washing is the same, that is, the water temperature, detergent dosage, main washing time and main washing speed are the main factors affecting the residual value and oxygen consumption of down materials while the rinsing frequency, main bath ratio, rinsing bath ratio and main bath speed have insignificant influence; the amount of detergent, rinse times, bath ratio (main bath ratio and rinse bath ratio) and water temperature are the main factors affecting the odor of downs while the washing speed, main washing time and rinse speed have insignificant influence. The results provide theoretical guidance and technical support for down manufacturers to develop efficient and environmental-friendly washing condition of being suitable for down materials.

Key words: down material, surface stains, water-washing conditions, fine-washing stage, washing effect

摘要： 为揭示精洗工艺条件对羽绒材料洗后性能影响的作用机制,以初洗后羽绒材料作为实验对象,系统探究了精洗阶段中不同水温、浴比、主洗时间、洗涤转速、漂洗次数、洗涤剂用量与羽绒材料洗后各项性能的关系。研究发现:影响羽绒材料洗后清洁度的主要因素依次为水温、洗涤剂用量、主洗转速、洗涤时间,而主洗浴比、漂洗浴比、漂洗转速、漂洗次数对其影响相对较小;精洗工艺条件对羽绒材料蓬松度的影响不大,但过长的洗涤时间和过大的洗涤转速会使清洗后的羽绒材料蓬松度下降;精洗工艺对羽绒材料洗后残脂率和耗氧量的影响趋势相同,即影响羽绒材料洗后残脂率和耗氧量的主要因素依次均为水温、洗涤剂用量、主洗时间、主洗转速,而漂洗次数、主洗浴比、漂洗浴比、主洗转速的影响相对较小;影响羽绒材料洗后气味的主要因素依次为洗涤剂用量、漂洗次数、浴比(主洗浴比和漂洗浴比)、水温,而洗涤转速、主洗时间、漂洗转速的影响相对较小。研究结果可为羽绒厂家研发高效绿色清洁工艺提供理论指导与技术支撑。

关键词: 羽绒材料, 表面污渍, 水洗工艺条件, 精洗阶段, 清洗效果