Abstract:  Cellulose is a macromolecular polysaccharide composed of glucose, which has good biocompatibility, degradability and compatibility with other substances; Cellulose derivatives are the products of cellulose esterification or etherification, which make up for the limitations of the physical and chemical properties of cellulose, and can better meet the different needs of the medical field after modification. Therefore, cellulose and its derived nanofibers have good application prospects in tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressings, drug delivery/delivery, antibacterial and medical devices.
Cellulose is a rich renewable resource, which can inhibit the growth of saprophytic bacteria, cholic acid and anaerobic bacteria, reduce the cholesterol content in the blood, reduce the deposition of cholesterol on the blood vessel wall, and prevent arteriosclerosis. However, due to the strong hydrogen bond network between cellulose molecular chains and highly crystalline aggregation structure, it is difficult to process cellulose, and other materials are also difficult to adsorb on cellulose. With the development of electrospinning technology, the treatment steps of cellulose have been simplified, and its position in the medical field has also been improved.
Nanocellulose can be matched with human skeleton, which improves the mechanical properties of the derivative antibacterial film and makes it have good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the simulated cell solution, it is highly similar to the extracellular matrix, and there is no rejection in the human body. Due to its low toxicity and excellent degradability, cellulose derivatives can control the drug delivery rate and deliver drugs to target cells in drug carriers. In recent years, nano cellulose has made great progress in the field of human motion monitoring. The research shows that three-dimensional nano cellulose in the form of aerogel can be used as a medical wearable human monitoring system to simulate the characteristics of human skin for comprehensive monitoring of the human body.
The research of cellulose electrospinning and its derived nanofibers is an effective way to strengthen the short board in the biomedical field. Studies confirm that electrospun cellulose nanofibers are smaller than cells in diameter and can simulate the structure and biological function of natural extracellular matrix. How to functionalize cellulose in the biomedical field has become a research hotspot.
At present, natural polymer materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine, and cellulose, as an important part of them, has great application potential. It is a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine to functionalize inanimate materials and transform them into living tissue materials to reduce the rejection of materials in the human body. Cellulose has unique advantages due to its good biocompatibility and high controllability. However, due to the hydrogen bond network structure of cellulose itself, it is difficult to dissolve cellulose. How to dissolve cellulose efficiently has been the focus of research. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research on the dissolution mechanism, develop a clean and efficient cellulose dissolution technology, and form cellulose derived materials through electrospinning reconstruction or blend with other materials to improve the application of cellulose nanofibers in the biomedical field.

Key words: electrospinning, cellulose, derivant,  , biomedicine, composite nanofibers.

摘要： 纤维素具有生物相容性、生物可降解性和与其他物质的高亲和力等优点，通过静电纺丝技术将纤维素与其他聚合物进行混纺，可以获得具备生物降解性、生物相容性、低免疫原性和抗菌活性等多种性能的纳米纤维材料，非常适合生物医学应用。本文综述了近年来国内外通过静电纺丝制备纤维素及其衍生纳米纤维的研究进展，主要介绍了纤维素及其衍生纳米纤维在组织工程支架、伤口敷料、药物释放传递领域、抗菌领域和医疗器械等领域的研究进展，分析了存在的问题并展望了未来的研究趋势。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 纤维素, 衍生物, 生物医学, 复合纳米纤维