Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, smart fabrics, as an emerging textile material, have gradually become the research focus of academia and industry, and have affected fields such as health, medical treatment, military, and commerce. The application of coating finishing technology is pivotal in realizing the functionality of smart textiles. However, there are relatively few related studies on the washing of smart fabrics, which mainly focus on the types of coatings, the current status of fabrics, and the performance evaluation after washing. This study aims to systematically investigate the effects of various washing methods and parameters on the durability of smart textiles and assess the changes in performance through testing before and after washing.
 With nano-silver coated pure cotton smart fabrics as the research subject, the article designed various washing methods and different washing parameters. Three coating finishing processes were adopted: immersion-rolling-drying method, liquid-phase chemical reduction method, and immersion method. The washing methods include washing in a washing machine, combined washing using a washing machine with micro-nano bubbles, and ultrasonic washing. In terms of washing parameters: for coating finishing process c (immersion method), ultrasonic washing was performed at room temperature for 5, 10, and 15 times, respectively, with a main washing time of 20 minutes; the main washing time was set to 20, 30, and 40 minutes for one washing. The remaining parameters were set to a detergent concentration of 2.0 g/L, a rinsing time of 15 minutes, and air-drying at room temperature after washing.
Throughout the experiment, the performance of the smart fabrics before and after washing was evaluated, including water repellency, shrinkage, morphological characteristics, and electrical conductivity indicators. Comparative analysis reveals significant differences in the effects of various washing methods and parameters on the performance of smart fabrics. The results indicate that the washing method combining washing machines with micro-nano bubbles has the most significant damage to the silver coating, while the ultrasonic washing effectively reduces damage to the coating surface through cavitation effects. As the number of washes and main wash times increase, the stability of the silver coating shows a decreasing trend. In terms of electrical conductivity, ultrasonic washing maintains a lower change in resistance value, effectively preserving the integrity of the coating, whereas other washing methods result in significant fluctuations in resistance values. Regarding shrinkage, ultrasonic washing treatment shows superior dimensional stability, while the washing method combining washing machines with micro-nano bubbles results in noticeable changes in dimensional stability, particularly for textiles treated with the immersion method, which exhibits relatively smaller changes in dimensional stability due to thorough modification. Concerning water repellency, the effects of different washing methods on the textiles are not significant.
In conclusion, ultrasonic washing is advantageous in protecting the performance of silver-coated textiles, making it the preferred method for handling such textiles. The optimal washing conditions are as follows: using ultrasonic washing at a temperature of (20±2) °C, with one wash cycle, a main washing time of 20 minutes, two rinses, a main wash bath ratio of 1:40, a rinse bath ratio of 1:50, and a detergent dosage of 2 g/L. The findings of this study provide theoretical references for the design of washing procedures for smart fabrics, enrich the theory of clothing washing, and facilitate the further development of research and applications in the field of smart fabrics.

Key words: coating finishing, smart fabrics, washing method, washing parameters, appearance and morphology, electrical conductivity

摘要： 为探讨不同洗涤方式及其参数组合对涂层整理智能织物性能的影响，以纳米银涂层的纯棉智能织物为研究对象，重点分析洗涤条件对涂层织物的形貌特征、导电性、缩水性以及拒水性的影响。结果表明：超声波洗涤对银涂层的损伤最小，保持了涂层完整性；超声波洗涤处理后的织物表面电阻值变化最小，导电性能稳定；超声波洗涤的尺寸稳定性亦表现优异且对拒水性能影响不显著；涂层整理智能织物的最佳洗涤条件为：超声波洗涤，洗涤一次，主洗20 min，漂洗2次，主洗浴比1∶40，漂洗浴比1∶50。该研究丰富了衣物洗护理论，可为智能织物的洗护程序设计提供理论参考。

关键词: 涂层整理, 智能织物, 洗涤方式, 洗涤参数, 外观形貌, 导电性能