Abstract: Weft knitted fabrics, as an important type of textile, are widely applied in fashion garments, home textiles, automotive interiors, and other fields. However, traditional design and production methods suffer from inefficiency, resource waste, and discrepancies with the actual products. Conducting realistic modeling and simulation research on weft knitted fabrics not only helps accelerate product development speed but also reduces development costs and minimizes trial and error. Therefore, the development of realistic modeling and simulation techniques for weft knitted fabrics is of great significance.
The technology for simulating the visual realism of weft knitted fabrics encompasses two aspects: 2D and 3D. The 2D visual simulation technology primarily focuses on the simulation of surface texture and patterns of weft knitted fabrics, accurately representing their color, texture, and lighting effects. The 3D visual simulation technology further advances on the basis of 2D simulation, accurately simulating the three-dimensional effects of weft knitted fabrics. This technology can more realistically reproduce the details and structural characteristics of weft knitted fabrics, thereby enhancing the realism of visual simulation.
Another key research direction is the physical realism modeling and simulation technology of weft knitted fabrics. This technology simulates the physical characteristics of weft knitted fabrics, such as elasticity, deformation, and fluid behavior, by establishing models based on methods like spring-mass models, mesh models, yarn-level models, or finite element models. By simulating the interaction of weft yarns and the deformation of textile structures, the actual physical behavior of weft knitted fabrics can be predicted more accurately. 
Due to the nonlinear and complex nature of deformation in weft knitted fabrics, although physics-based simulation methods are capable of capturing the fabric's real behavior, there are still challenges of high computational complexity and low simulation efficiency in complex scenarios. Therefore, it is a key issue in improving simulation speed to optimize simulation algorithms to reduce computational complexity while maintaining accuracy to the greatest extent possible.
Currently, the development of weft knitted fabrics' realism modeling and simulation technology is progressing in several aspects. Firstly, the simulation effects will become more detailed to accurately reproduce the intricate features of weft knitted fabrics, such as textures, textile structures, and fabric shading effects. Secondly, the technology will focus more on real-time interactivity, enabling designers and users to quickly adjust and preview the visual effects of weft knitted fabrics, thus enhancing the flexibility of design and purchasing decisions. Thirdly, the simulation technology will emphasize the diversification of weft knitted fabric types, including the simulation of various materials, textures, and knitting methods. This will provide a broader range of choices and applications for different fields. Finally, the application scope of weft knitted fabrics' realism modeling and simulation technology will further diversify, providing support for innovation and development in various industries.

Key words: weft knitted fabrics, dynamic simulation, physical modeling, development trends

摘要： 为了促进针织物模拟仿真领域的进一步研究和发展，全面梳理了纬编针织物真实感模拟与仿真技术的发展历史和研究现状。从外观真实感模拟和物理真实感模拟两个角度分析了国内外学者研究和探索的历程，阐述了纬编针织物真实感模拟与仿真技术从早期基于二维线圈模型的方法，到基于三维物理模型方法的转变和多样化发展过程。在总结各种模拟方法及其应用特点的基础上，分析得出纬编针织物真实感模拟与仿真技术将会向模拟效果精细化、模拟实时交互化、织物类型多样化和应用领域多元化的方向发展。

关键词: 纬编针织物, 动态模拟, 物理模型, 发展趋势