关键词: 非对称设计, 温敏聚合物, 智能湿热管理织物, 舒适性, 环境适应性

Abstract: "Textiles equipped with personalized moisture and heat comfort management functions have emerged as ideal solutions for regulating the microclimate between the human body and clothing. In recent years, these textiles have garnered widespread attention due to their significant value in terms of comfort, energy saving and health. Asymmetric design, by altering the microstructure and material distribution of fabrics, imparts unique properties to the fabrics during moisture and heat transfer, breaking away from the constraints of the symmetrical structures of traditional fabrics. This provides a new avenue for achieving more efficient moisture and heat management. The design methods for asymmetric materials exhibit diversity, mainly including asymmetric preparation and asymmetric modification. Asymmetric preparation involves the construction of multilayer structures by combining materials with different wettability characteristics to achieve asymmetric wettability, covering techniques such as electrospinning and fabric structure design. Asymmetric modification, on the other hand, involves unilateral modification, utilizing chemical, physical or biological means such as surface coating, chemical modification, or biological modification to achieve differential treatment on both sides of the material. These methods all have their own advantages and disadvantages. Asymmetric preparation has an advantage in forming stable asymmetric structures but involves complex processes. Asymmetric modification offers flexibility in operation but faces challenges with the stability of the modified layer. Thermosensitive polymers play an important role in asymmetric design, with their unique thermosensitive response mechanism supporting the performance enhancement of smart moisture and heat management fabrics. When the ambient temperature changes, the physicochemical properties of thermosensitive polymers alter accordingly, triggering conformational changes in macromolecules and resulting in volumetric phase transitions. Under temperature variations, the fabric can form an asymmetric structure and undergo reversible hydrophilic/hydrophobic transitions, thereby intelligently regulating the heat and moisture balance and maintaining heat and moisture comfort in the human microclimate. Through continuous exploration and innovation, researchers have developed a series of advanced preparation technologies to ensure that asymmetric intelligent moisture and heat management fabrics can meet the demands of diverse application scenarios. These fabrics can be applied in fields such as athletic wear, outdoor equipment, military use, and healthcare. However, current asymmetric intelligent moisture and heat management fabrics still face several challenges, primarily including complex preparation processes leading to high production costs, prominent compatibility issues between different materials, the need to improve the response stability of thermosensitive polymers, and the requirement for further optimization of fabric stability and durability. To address these challenges, future structural designs can leverage 3D printing, nanomanufacturing and other techniques to achieve more complex and precise asymmetric structure construction. Additionally, in terms of material research and development, the continuous emergence of new intelligent materials will provide more options for asymmetric design. Through continuous technological innovation and in-depth research, it is expected that more comfortable, healthy and intelligent textiles can be provided to meet the needs of different fields and scenarios, so as to drive the textile industry towards intelligence and high performance."

Key words: asymmetric design, thermosensitive polymers, intelligent moisture and heat management fabrics, comfort, environmental adaptability