基于轮椅使用者无障碍裤装穿脱便利性的研究

doi:10.19398/j.att.202010008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高下肢残障群体裤装的穿脱便利性,分轻度和重度下肢残障群体两个组别,设计正交实验,考察了服装紧固件、开口位置、开口大小3个因素对其无障碍裤装试穿时间的影响,利用极差分析和方差分析得到最优水平组合,对裤装改进效果进行主观评价。结果表明:开口大小是影响裤装穿脱便利性的主要因素,对试穿时间有非常显著影响,紧固件为重要因素,对试穿时间有显著影响,开口位置为次要因素,对试穿时间影响不显著。对于轻度下肢残障群体而言,当开口大小为25cm、紧固件为魔术贴、开口位置设在中间时,裤装的穿脱便利性最好,穿脱所需总时间最短;对于重度下肢残障群体而言,开口大小为95cm、紧固件为拉链、开口位置在腿部中间,裤装的穿脱便利性最好。根据最优水平组合改进后的无障碍裤装在感觉舒适性、穿脱方便性的效果上均优于改进前的裤装。

关键词: 下肢残障群体, 无障碍设计, 正交实验, 方差分析, 极差分析

Abstract:

In order to improve the ease of putting on/taking off of pants for people with lower limb disabilities, we divide them into two groups: people with mild and severe lower limb disabilities, design an orthogonal experiment and probed into the effect of 3 factors, clothing fastener, opening position and opening size on their try-on time of barrier-free pants, use range analysis and variance analysis to get an optimal level combination and make a subjective evaluation on the improvement effect of pants. The results indicate that the opening size is the main factor affecting the ease of putting on/taking off of pants and has a very significant effect on the try-on time. The fastener is an important factor, which has a significant impact on the try-on time. The opening position is a secondary factor, which has an insignificant effect on the try-on time. For people with mild lower limb disabilities, when the opening size is 25 cm, the fastener is hook & loop, and the opening position is in the middle, the pants have the best ease of putting on/taking off, and the total time taken to put on and take off is the shortest. For people with severe lower limb disabilities, the opening size is 95 cm, the fastener is a zipper, and the opening position is in the middle of the leg, the pants have the best ease of putting on/taking off. Moreover, the improved barrier-free pants through the optimal level combination are better than unimproved ones in terms of comfort and ease of putting on/taking off.

Key words: people with lower limb disabilities, barrier-free design, orthogonal experiment, variance analysis, range analysis

中图分类号:

TS941.17

吴佳玥, 代萌婷, 支阿玲, 孙军男, 吴巧英. 基于轮椅使用者无障碍裤装穿脱便利性的研究[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2022, 30(1): 224-232.

WU Jiayue, DAI Mengting, ZHI Aling, SUN Junnan, WU Qiaoying. Research on the ease of putting on/taking off of barrier-free pants for wheelchair users[J]. Advanced Textile Technology, 2022, 30(1): 224-232.

图/表 16

图1 轻/重度残障群体裤装开口位置及大小设计

Fig.1 The opening position and size design of pants for mildly/severely handicapped groups

表1 第一组正交实验因素水平

Tab.1 The first group of orthogonal experiment factor levels

水平	因素
水平	A(紧固件)	B(开口大小)/cm	C(开口位置)
1	魔术贴	15	中间
2	拉链	25	两侧
3	按扣
4	磁铁扣

表2 第二组正交实验因素水平

Tab.2 The second group of orthogonal experiment factor levels

水平	因素
水平	A(紧固件)	B(开口大小)/cm	C(开口位置)
1	魔术贴	24	中间
2	拉链	48	两侧
3		71
4		95

表3 面料性能

Tab.3 Fabric performance

透气性 /(mm·s^-1)	透湿性 /(g·m·h^-1)	吸湿性/mm	耐磨性 /(g·m^-2)	撕破性/N	拉伸性/N	色牢度/级	弹性/%
4.01	391.76	98.55	45.00	81.66	648.96	5.00	66.71

表4 第一组正交实验方案及结果

Tab.4 The first set of orthogonal experiment schemes and results

实验号	A	B	C	空列	试穿时间/s
1	1	1	1	1	120.23
2	1	2	2	2	83.16
3	2	1	1	2	124.14
4	2	2	2	1	105.02
5	3	1	2	1	167.28
6	3	2	1	2	141.41
7	4	1	2	2	134.43
8	4	2	1	1	98.00
$K ¯ 1$	101.70	136.52	120.08	122.63	T=973.67
$K ¯ 2$	114.58	106.90	121.01	120.09
$K ¯ 3$	154.35	-	-	-
$K ¯ 4$	116.22	-	-	-
R	52.65	29.62	0.93	-
调整R'	33.51	42.06	1.32	-

表4 第一组正交实验方案及结果

Tab.4 The first set of orthogonal experiment schemes and results

实验号	A	B	C	空列	试穿时间/s
1	1	1	1	1	120.23
2	1	2	2	2	83.16
3	2	1	1	2	124.14
4	2	2	2	1	105.02
5	3	1	2	1	167.28
6	3	2	1	2	141.41
7	4	1	2	2	134.43
8	4	2	1	1	98.00
$K ¯ 1$	101.70	136.52	120.08	122.63	T=973.67
$K ¯ 2$	114.58	106.90	121.01	120.09
$K ¯ 3$	154.35	-	-	-
$K ¯ 4$	116.22	-	-	-
R	52.65	29.62	0.93	-
调整R'	33.51	42.06	1.32	-

表5 第二组正交实验方案及结果

Tab.5 The second set of orthogonal experiment schemes and results

实验号	A	B	C	空列	试穿时间/s
1	1	1	1	1	250.37
2	2	1	2	2	226.39
3	1	2	1	2	195.92
4	2	2	2	1	189.79
5	1	3	2	1	214.21
6	2	3	1	2	197.80
7	1	4	2	2	204.77
8	2	4	1	1	168.49
实验号	A	B	C	空列	试穿时间/s
$K ¯ j 1$	216.32	238.38	203.15	205.72	T=1647.74
$K ¯ j 2$	195.62	192.86	208.79	206.22
$K ¯ j 3$	-	206.01	-	-
$K ¯ j 4$	-	186.63	-	-
极差R	20.70	51.75	5.64	-
调整R'	29.39	32.93	8.01	-

表5 第二组正交实验方案及结果

Tab.5 The second set of orthogonal experiment schemes and results

实验号	A	B	C	空列	试穿时间/s
1	1	1	1	1	250.37
2	2	1	2	2	226.39
3	1	2	1	2	195.92
4	2	2	2	1	189.79
5	1	3	2	1	214.21
6	2	3	1	2	197.80
7	1	4	2	2	204.77
8	2	4	1	1	168.49
实验号	A	B	C	空列	试穿时间/s
$K ¯ j 1$	216.32	238.38	203.15	205.72	T=1647.74
$K ¯ j 2$	195.62	192.86	208.79	206.22
$K ¯ j 3$	-	206.01	-	-
$K ¯ j 4$	-	186.63	-	-
极差R	20.70	51.75	5.64	-
调整R'	29.39	32.93	8.01	-

表6 第一组方差分析

Tab.6 The first group of analysis of variance

模型	来源	离差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	显著性
模型1	紧固件A	3093.566	3	1031.189	19.028	0.050
	开口大小B	1754.544	1	1754.544	32.375	0.030
	开口位置C	4.667	1	4.667	0.086	0.797
	误差e	108.387	2	54.194
	总和	4961.164	7
模型2	紧固件A	3093.566	3	1031.189	27.364	0.011^*
	开口大小B	1754.544	1	1754.544	46.559	0.006^**
	误差e	113.054	3	37.685
	总和	4961.164	7

表7 第二组方差分析

Tab.7 The second group of analysis of variance

模型	来源	离差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	显著性
模型1	紧固件A	856.980	1	856.980	9.610	0.090
	开口大小B	3192.896	3	1064.299	11.934	0.078
	开口位置C	63.732	1	63.732	0.715	0.487
	误差e	178.360	2	89.180
	总和	4291.968	7
模型2	紧固件A	856.980	1	856.980	10.620	0.047^*
	开口大小B	3192.896	3	1064.299	13.189	0.031^*
	误差e	242.092	3	80.697
	总和	4961.164	7

图2 紧固件与试穿时间的关系

Fig.2 The relationship between fasteners and try-on time

表8 不同紧固件对轻度下肢残障群体试穿时间的影响Duncan多重比较

Tab.8 The effect of different fasteners on the try-on time of the mild lower limb disability group Duncan multiple comparison

紧固件	Alpha的子集=0.05
紧固件	1	2
魔术贴	101.6938
拉链	114.8775
磁铁扣	116.2130
按扣		154.3450
显著性	0.571	1.000

图3 开口大小与试穿时间的关系

Fig.3 The relationship between opening size and try-on time

表9 不同开口大小对重度下肢残障群体试穿时间的影响Duncan多重比较

Tab.9 The effect of different opening sizes on the try-on time of severe lower limb disability group Duncan multiple comparison

开口大小/cm	Alpha的子集=0.05
开口大小/cm	1	2
95	186.6300
48	192.8550
71	206.0050
24		238.3800
显著性	0.120	1.000

图4 开口位置与试穿时间的关系

Fig.4 The relationship between opening position and try-on time

表10 实验者基本信息

Tab.10 Basic information of experimenter

组别	编号	身高/cm	胸围/cm	腰围/cm	臀围/cm	年龄/岁	使用轮椅时间/年	使用轮椅频率	能否独立使用轮椅
轻度残障群体	1	164	91.0	74.5	93.7	31	8	长期使用	能
	2	165	90.0	75.5	91.5	38	12	长期使用	能
	3	164	89.7	75.5	90.0	34	6	长期使用	能
重度残障群体	1	164	89.5	74.8	90.7	40	21	长期使用	能
	2	165	96.7	78.7	93.0	39	13	长期使用	能
	3	166	90.8	76.5	92.0	36	9	长期使用	能

图5 评分标准

Fig.5 Scoring criteria

表11 改进前后裤装穿脱性能主观评价结果

Tab.11 Subjective evaluation results of the putting on and taking off performance of pants before and after the improvement

组别	感觉舒适性量化值		穿脱方便性量化值		综合值F
组别	前	后	前	后	前	后
第一组	1.5	5.0	1.3	5.0	2.8	10.0
第二组	1.2	4.8	1.0	5.0	2.2	9.8

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