Advanced Textile Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (06): 126-132.DOI: 10.12477/xdfzjs.20250615

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Influence of electrets on the performance of nanofiber membranes for air filtration

  

  1. 1. Hebei Art & Design Academy, Baoding 072550, China; 2. College of Textile and Garments, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
  • Received:2024-09-05 Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-06-18

驻极体对空气过滤用纳米纤维膜性能的影响

  

  1. 1.河北工艺美术职业学院,河北保定 072550;2.河北科技大学纺织服装学院,石家庄 050018
  • 通讯作者: 杨文秀
  • 作者简介:王玉红(1986—),女,河北省石家庄人,讲师,硕士,主要从事功能面料开发方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省创新能力提升计划项目(23554002K)、中国工艺美术学会2023年度工艺美术科研课题(CNACS2023-II-07)

Abstract: The importance of high-performance air filtration materials has become increasingly prominent as air pollution becomes increasingly severe. Consequently, the research and development of high-efficiency and low-resistance filtration materials have become urgent tasks. Electrets primarily play a role in enhancing filtration effectiveness and improving filtration efficiency in air filtration membranes. Electret materials can form an electrostatic field on the surface of the filtration membrane, strengthening the electrostatic adsorption to attract and capture small particles in the air, thereby improving filtration performance. Due to the electrostatic effect, the electret filtration membrane can effectively capture more particles under lower airflow resistance and prolong the service life. 
The three electret materials, GO (graphene oxide), TiO2 (titanium dioxide), and CS (chitosan), possess unique mechanical properties, adsorption capabilities, electrochemical characteristics, and antibacterial properties. These substances can control the diameters of electrostatic nanofibers at different levels, leading to varying pore sizes and consequently distinct filtration efficiencies and resistances. This paper reported the preparation of PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-based nanofiber membranes with improved filtration performance and reduced resistance by combining PAN with the three electrets of GO, TiO2, and CS using electrospinning technology. Firstly, the optimal spinning mass fraction of PAN was determined. Then, comparative experiments were conducted by combining PAN with different electrets. Subsequently, layered spinning was performed using spinning solutions doped with various electrets. In this paper, a series of tests were conducted on the prepared samples in terms of morphology composition, pore size measurement, wettability, tensile breaking strength, electret performance and filtration efficiency. Due to the differences in pore size and distribution, as well as fiber diameter among fiber webs with varying layers, the purpose of graded filtration for particles of different sizes can be achieved. Finally, the composite membrane was then analyzed for filtration efficiency and resistance to determine the best nanofiber membrane. 
The results indicate that the PGC composite nanofiber membrane exhibits advantages in pore size distribution, electret performance, and filtration performance. The average pore size of the PGC composite nanofiber membrane is 3.50 μm, with a water contact angle of 13.1°, a breaking force of 5.15 MPa, and a percentage of breaking elongation of 21.6%. The initial surface potential is 1.79 kV, and it stabilizes at 0.96 kV after 7 days. The filtration efficiency for PM2.5 particles reaches 99.9%, with a filtration resistance of 92 Pa.

Key words: electrets, electrospinning, polyacrylonitrile, air filtration, nanofiber membrane

摘要: 为了获得高效率、低阻力的空气过滤材料,利用静电纺丝技术成功制备了聚丙烯腈基氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯腈基二氧化钛(PGT)、聚丙烯腈基氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯腈基壳聚糖(PGC)和聚丙烯腈基二氧化钛/聚丙烯腈基壳聚糖(PTC)三种双层纳米纤维膜,并对上述三种双层纳米纤维膜的形貌、孔径、润湿性、拉伸强度、驻极性能及过滤效率进行了测试分析。经测试发现:相比其他两种纳米纤维膜,PGC性能优异,其平均孔径为3.50 μm,水接触角为13.1°,断裂强度为5.15 MPa,断裂伸长率为21.6%,初始表面电势为1.79 kV,7 d后稳定为0.96 kV,对PM2.5颗粒的过滤效率达到99.9%,过滤阻力为92 Pa。结果表明PGC孔径分布合理,且具有良好的驻极性能和过滤性能。

关键词: 驻极体, 静电纺丝, 聚丙烯腈, 空气过滤, 纳米纤维膜

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