Abstract: In order to solve the problems that the dark and light colored clothes cannot be mixed in the daily household laundry and the dye dropping in the washing process is easy to form dye wastewater, nonwoven fabric is selected as the base material to prepare laundry anti-dyeing color absorption sheets by loading porous SiO₂ microspheres. The composition structure of anti-dyeing color absorption sheets was designed, the concentration of porous SiO₂ microspheres was optimized, the surface morphology of the prepared anti-dyeing color absorption sheets was observed, the load fastness of microspheres was analyzed, and the anti-dyeing color absorption sheets were used for dye adsorption to observe the anti-dyeing effect. The results show that the anti-dyeing color absorption sheets consist of three layers: nonwoven substrate, polydopamine (PDA)adhesive layer and porous SiO₂ microsphere layer. Porous SiO₂ microspheres are electronegative and suitable for adsorption of cationic dyes. The higher the concentration of porous SiO₂ microspheres, the stronger the adsorption of dyes. Porous SiO₂ microspheres are evenly distributed on the fiber surface of the prepared anti-dyeing color absorption sheets, and the microspheres gather together to wrap the fiber. The weight loss rate of the anti-dyeing color adsorption sheets after washing was only 2.3%, which proved that the microspheres had good load fastness on the nonwoven substrate. The anti-dyeing color adsorption sheets were used in the mixed washing test of polyester cationic yarn (CDP), and it was found that the adsorbability to the dye was obvious, and the light colored CDP fabric did not appear stained. The research results can provide practical basis for the mixing and washing of dark and light colored clothes.

Key words: dye wastewater, porous SiO₂ microspheres, anti-dyeing color adsorption sheets, bonding fastness, adsorb

摘要： 针对日常家庭洗衣时深浅色衣物不能混洗及衣物在洗涤过程中掉落的染料易形成染料废水的问题,选用非织造布为基材,通过负载多孔二氧化硅(SiO₂)微球来制备洗衣防串染吸色片。设计防串染吸色片的组成结构,优化多孔SiO₂微球的质量浓度,观测制备所得防串染吸色片的表面形貌,分析微球的负载牢度,并将防串染吸色片用于染料吸附以观察防串染效果。结果表明:防串染吸色片包括非织造布基材、聚多巴胺(PDA)粘合层和多孔SiO₂微球层三层结构;多孔SiO₂微球带有负电性,适宜于吸附阳离子型染料,其质量浓度越高,对染料的吸附性越强;制备所得防串染吸色片中,纤维表面均匀地分布着多孔SiO₂微球,微球集合在一起将纤维包裹;防串染吸色片在经历水洗后失重率仅为2.3%,证明微球在非织造布基材上具有良好的负载牢度;将防串染吸色片用于涤纶阳离子纱(CDP)的混洗试验,发现其对染料具有明显的吸附性,浅色CDP布料未出现沾色现象。此研究成果可为深浅色衣物的混洗提供实践依据。

关键词: 染料废水, 多孔SiO₂微球, 防串染吸色片, 结合牢度, 吸附