Table of Content

10 July 2022, Volume 30 Issue 4

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Invited Column: Flexible Conductive Textile Material

Research progress of flexible composite conductive fiber in smart textiles

ZHU Shiqian, TAN Yini, LIU Xiaogang

2022, 30(4):  1-11.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202108003

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The development and application of smart textiles are the concentrated embodiment of various high-tech textiles and have shown a trend of rapid development in recent years. As a research hotspot in the field of smart textiles, flexible conductive fibers have attracted much attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, outstanding electrical and optical functional characteristics. They have huge application prospects in flexible integrated electronics, such as flexible sensing and flexible electrodes. This paper reviews the current research progress of flexible composite conductive fibers, systematically reviews the classification, preparation methods and application status of conductive fibers, and prospects the main development trends and technical challenges faced by flexible composite conductive fibers.

Research progress of flexible resistance-type strain sensor based on conductive composite yarns

YI Wen, CHEN Yifei, ZHAO Mingming, YAN Tao, PAN Zhijuan

2022, 30(4):  12-23.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202108031

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In order to systematically analyze the current research status of the flexible resistance-type strain sensor based on conductive composite yarns, the conductive networks are divided into one-element, two-element and multi-element conductive structures according to the types of conductive materials used in the preparation. The strain sensing performances are summarized and analyzed. At the same time, the synergistic mechanisms between different conductive materials are studied. The composite conductive yarns of the one-element structures are affected by the dimensional structures of the conductive materials, forming the differentiated conductive network structures, but it is difficult to achieve high strain range and sensitivity at the same time. Conductive yarns with binary and multiple structures are constructed of conductive materials with different dimensions, forming the three-dimensional conductive networks with various connection modes such as point-line-surface, point-point, line-line, surface-surface, etc., which can achieve high sensitivity in a large strain range, and improve the stability of the sensor. This research provides an important reference for a new approach to construct the multivariate strain sensing network.

Preparation of a conductive polyester-cotton yarn and electric heating performance of its fabric

WANG Wei, LIN Siling, LI Long, MA Peipei, DONG Zijing, WU Lei

2022, 30(4):  24-31.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202110031

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The polyester-cotton yarn was pretreated by dopamine, glucose was used as the reducing agent, and the polyester-cotton yarn coated with the polydopamine layer was placed in a silver nitrate solution to form a continuous uniform and dense silver-plated layer on the surface of the polyester-cotton yarn to prepare the conductive polyester-cotton yarn. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), VHX-5000 super-depth of field three-dimensional microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) were used to analyze the structure and performances of silver-plated conductive polyester-cotton yarn. The results showed that when the AgNO₃ molar concentration was 0.12 mol/L, the resistance of electroless silver-plated polyester-cotton yarn was 1.72 Ω/cm; the surface of the yarn had continuous silver coating by SEM observing, and XRD showed the characteristic diffraction peak of silver-plated polyester cotton yarn was consistent with the diffraction peak of metallic nano silver. The square resistance of the woven fabric with silver-plated conductive polyester cotton yarn as weft was 1.49 Ω/□ by four point probe testing, the temperature of fabric was 50.9 ℃ when apply voltage was 1.5 V for 50 s. The fabric prepared with silver-plated conductive polyester-cotton yarn as the weft had good electric heating performance.

Research progress on yarn tension sensors

CHEN Chuanliang, WANG Chengqun, LÜ Wentao, XU Weiqiang

2022, 30(4):  32-41.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202111050

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In the process of yarn production, yarn tension is an important control parameter that affects product quality. To advance the research of yarn tension detection equipment, this paper classifies and summarizes the yarn tension sensors according to their structure and detection technology principle, and expounds on the technical principle and research content of various tension sensors. The advantages and disadvantages of contact-type and non-contact-type tension sensors and their application scenarios are summarized and analyzed. It is pointed out that the accuracy and sensitivity of contact-type yarn tension detection can be improved by improving new principles, exploring new materials, and combining new disciplines. In terms of non-contact yarn tension detection, the processing speed and accuracy can be improved through the innovation of the acquisition unit, the optimization of the information processing algorithm, and the combination of image processing hardware such as field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. This paper discusses the development status and trend of yarn tension sensors to provide a reference for yarn tension detection.

Research progress of fabric electrode in bioelectric signal monitoring

ZHANG Yingxin, XU Lei, WANG Dawei, LI Nan, YANG Yunfei

2022, 30(4):  42-49.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202109022

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Bioelectric signals, such as ECG, EEG, EMG and EOG, can reflect the physiological state of organs or tissues. Flexible fabric electrode can realize long-term remote monitoring, so as to diagnose and prevent a variety of physiological diseases. Firstly, this paper introduces the materials, preparation process and structure of wearable fabric electrode, and summarizes the effects of the types, assembly methods, electrode size and shape of base fabric and conductive materials on bioelectric signal monitoring. Then, the application of fabric electrode in routine monitoring of bioelectric signals is studied, and the design methods of reducing human contact impedance and motion artifacts are discussed. Finally, the development prospect of wearable health monitoring is prospected.

Research progress on mechanism and application of conductive materials in nerve tissue repair

WANG Yuyu, WANG Shanlong, SONG Gongji, YU Yangxiao, WANG Jiannan, XU Jianmei

2022, 30(4):  50-60.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202111049

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In order to explore the role of conductive materials in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries, so as to develop a conductive nerve catheter that can replace autologous nerve transplantation, relevant researches at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed. The mechanism of electrical stimulation to promote axon regeneration and the nerve regeneration on conductive substrates are discussed. The application of conductive materials such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and graphene in nerve conduits is introduced, including the composite method of conductive materials on the conduits, application characteristics, in vitro and in vivo test results, etc. It is pointed out that in the future research on conductive nerve conduits, we should pay attention to and solve the problems of conductive materials that are difficult to process and hard to degrade, as well as the long-term metabolic mechanism and physiological toxicity of conductive materials in vivo and their role in long-distance nerve injury repair.

Research on influencing factors of the protective performance for arc protection fabrics

SUN Xiao, WANG Jun, CHEN Tao, GAO Yang, LÜ Tianguang

2022, 30(4):  61-69.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202112004

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Arc protective clothing is widely used in electric and petrochemical industries. Its arc protection performance is affected by many factors in the production and use. The article introduced the arc protection performance parameters and influencing factors of arc protection fabrics, and discussed the influence the of fiber composition, thickness, woven fabrics structure, air permeability and color of arc protection fabrics, contamination such as sweat, oil and dust on the arc protection performance. Some suggestions on the design and development of arc protection fabric are put forward. This study provides a basis for the design and development of arc protection fabrics and the efficient use of arc protection clothing.

Preparation and properties of modified carbon nanotube yarn strain sensors with different braiding angles

WANG Qiuyan, GU Zhiqi, XU Mingtao, ZHANGYan, WANGPing, LI Yuanyuan

2022, 30(4):  70-79.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202111015

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In order to improve the working range of the sensor, the modified carbon nanotubes were selected as the conductive material and spandex yarn was used as the flexible substrate,the required conductive yarn was fabricated by the layer-by-layer assembly method and then the yarn strain sensors with different braiding angles were prepared by braiding method. The effects of different braiding angles on various sensing performances were discussed.As the braiding angle increases, the sensor sensitivity gradually decreases. Under a strain of 0~40%, the sensitivity of the yarn sensor with an angle of 10°, 20° and 30° braid is 181.1, 162.2, and 79.7, respectively. The fast response time increases from 175 ms to 259 ms with increasing braiding angle. The stability of the sensor under creep conditions is independent of the braiding angle. The resistance of yarn sensors with different braiding angles decreases with time basically the same when constant strain is maintained.When the braiding angle is 20°, the sensing range performs the maximum up to 150%, and the minimum monitoring range can reach 0.2%. Low hysteresis response is also exhibited in sensing process (the hysteresis level is only 0.2%),which can monitor the resistance signal stably under different strain conditions. The modified carbon nanotube braided yarn sensor has potential applications in flexible wearable sensors and other fields.

Preparation and properties of rGO/AgNPs composite modified PVA flexible strain sensing films

ZHAO Weitao, YAO Xuefeng, Yan Yi, ZHANG Desuo, LIN Hong, CHEN Yuyue

2022, 30(4):  80-88.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202109015

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In order to obtain flexible strain films with good sensing and ductility, reduced graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles (rGO/AgNPs)micro nano composite conductive materials were prepared by amidation crosslinking and in-situ reduction assembly between amino terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH₂), graphene oxide (GO)and silver nitrate (AgNO₃), and then introduced into modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A flexible strain piezoresistive sensing film which can monitor strain was prepared by tape casting method. It is found that rGO/AgNPs micro nano composite conductive filler is evenly dispersed in the modified PVA film system. In the case of large strain (87.5%), the resistance change rate of rGO/AgNPs/modified PVA film is up to 497.4% and the sensitivity factor is 5.68. In addition, it also shows good stability and repeatability in cyclic tensile and variable speed tensile tests, and shows relatively stable electrical signal change output when monitoring the large-scale bending movement of human fingers. This study has certain reference significance for the preparation, structure and performance regulation of micro nano composite flexible piezoresistive strain sensor.

Materials Engineering

Effect of production process of magnetic induction polyamide 6 fiber on its properties

ZHANG Xuehua, YANG Bin, ZHAO Yonghuan, SU Jaunjuan

2022, 30(4):  89-93.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202108015

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Aiming at the problems of magnetic powder's tendency to conglomerate, poor spinnability and low fiber mechanics in magnetic fiber preparation, the uniform dispersion of magnetic powder is improved by static mixer based on the selected magnetic polyamide 6 functional masterbatches. The effect of spinning temperature, spinning rate and cooling molding conditions on magnetic fiber spinning and physical performance is explored. The effect of magnetic powder on magnetic induction and hydraulic performance is also compared. The results show that the ideal spinning process conditions is box temperature is 263℃, and the side blowing wind speed is 0.28 to 0.33 m/s. In addition, when the content of magnetic powder is 3%, with a surface magnetic sensing strength of 0.03 mT, the 44 dtex/34 f magnetic nylon 6 DTY fiber is prepared with excellent comprehensive performance, which is expected to be used for functional high-quality nylon fabrics.

Effect of titanium and antimony catalysts on the preparation of flame retardant polyester

YU Yunong, ZHENG Bing, PU Xinming, FENG Weifang, ZHANG Shunhua

2022, 30(4):  94-101.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202104043

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In order to explore the influence of different types of catalysts on the polymerization process and properties of flame-retardant polyester, two kinds of titanium-based catalysts and one kind of antimony-based catalyst were selected to synthesize flame-retarded modified copolyesters by direct esterification methodusing 2-carboxyethyl (phenyl)phosphinicacid as the flame retarded monomer, and the influence of different catalysts on the performance of the copolyester was discussed. The results show that the polycondensation reaction time of the flame-retardant polyester (Ti-PET) prepared by the two titanium-based catalysts is longer than that of the flame-retardant polyester (Sb-PET) prepared by the antimony-based catalyst, and the intrinsic viscosity of the two Ti-PETs is lower than that of Sb-PET; the flame-retardant polyester prepared with ethylene glycol titanium catalyst is dark yellow, and the flame-retardant polyester prepared with self-made Ti/Zn catalyst is light yellow; DSC test shows that the melting temperature (T_m) and peak temperature (T_p) of two kinds of Ti-PET are higher than those of Sb-PET, and their melting enthalpy and crystallization enthalpy are also higher thanthose of Sb-PET; TG test shows that Ti-PET has good thermal stability and high residual carbon content; the fire performance test shows that the flame retardant performance of the three flame retardant polyesters is not much different, the limiting oxygen index is about 29.5%, and the UL-94 test results have reached the V-0 level.

Peparation and properties of furan-based copolyester PETT fiber

CHEN Zhiwei, ZHANG Shunhua

2022, 30(4):  102-107.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202105038

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Taking polyethylene glycol terephthalate copolyester(PETT) with 5% 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran(THFDM) mole fraction as raw material, copolyester PETT fiber was prepared by melt spinning method. The spinnability of PETT was discussed, and the impact of adding THFDM on the mechanical property, resilience performance, thermal shrinkage property and supramolecular structure of PETT fiber was explored. The result shows that compared with PET, PETT copolyester is subject to a wider control range of spinning temperature during spinning and has good spinnability. The PETT fiber prepared by low temperature spinning is high in breaking strength and low in elongation at break. However, the PETT fiber prepared by high temperature spinning is low in breaking strength and high in breaking elongation. The addition of THFDM has a certain effect on the mechanical property, thermal shrinkage property and supramolecular structure of PET fiber. Compared with PET fiber, the PETT orientation and crystallinity of fiber at the spinning temperature of 275 ℃ is reduced, while the elongation at break is increased. The breaking strength and elastic modulus are slightly reduced, and the boiling water shrinkage rate is slightly increased. Under a certain elongation condition, the elastic recovery rate of PETT fiber is higher than that of PET, and the resilience is improved, indicating that PETT copolyester with good spinnability is excellent in processing and molding.

Properties and preparation of PVDF/PDMS superhydrophobic membrane for rapid oil-water separation by one-step method

SHI Min, WANG Tao, WANG Sheng

2022, 30(4):  108-114.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202106068

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In order to prepare a kind of superhydrophobic membrane for rapid oil-water separation, under the effect of high-voltage electric field, co-spinning of the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) was performed through electrospinning for the purpose of one-step preparation of superhydrophobic composite membrane material containing PVDF nanofibers and PDMS microspheres. The morphology and performance of the composite membrane material were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and optical contact angle meter. The results show that the superhydrophobic composite membrane exhibits excellent oil-water separation performance, with oil-water separation flux of 6100 L/(m²·h·bar), the separation efficiency of 99.5%. It can be used for process production and demonstrate a broad application prospect.

Preparation and properties of hydrophobic-oleophylic composite cotton fabrics

SCHEN Chunhui, XU Duo, LI Zhijiang, JI Qiang

2022, 30(4):  115-123.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202107001

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In order to advance the development of green oil pollution adsorption materials, we used impregnation method by introducing silica nanoparticles to strenghten the surface roughness and long-chain alkane hydrophobic groups to reduce the surface energy based on cotton woven fabrics and cotton towel fabric, obtaining hydrophobic-oleophylic cotton fabrics. We prepared the hydrophobic-oleophylic cotton fabrics with an alternative use of 3-5 layers of cotton woven fabric and cotton towel fabric, tested and analyzed their oil absorption capacity, oil retention rate as well as total oil absorption. As a result, the oil absorption performance of composite cotton fabrics is improved, which indicates that the composite mode affects the oil absorption performance. When the towel fabric is laminated on the outer layer, the oil absorption capacity and total oil absorption are high; otherwise, the retention rate is high. The highest oil absorption capacity and oil retention rate of the hydrophobic-lipophilic composite cotton fabrics to crude oil are respectively 206% and 89.6%.

Textile Engineering

Comparison of technology and properties of two kinds of polyester-viscose blended yarns at home and abroad

SUN Zhenguo, CUI Yihuai, ZHANG Di, JI Yijun, SU Xuzhong

2022, 30(4):  124-129.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202107016

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This article discusses the spinning process and yarn performance of polyester (T) 65/viscose (R) 35 18.5tex blended yarns produced by oversea Lenzing and domestic Yamei. We first determined the spinning process configuration of each process according to the performance characteristics of viscose and polyester fiber and then optimized the domestic viscose spinning process by respectively removing the polyester pre-drawing process and and reducing the number of cotton slivers during mixed drawing process. Then we compared and analyzed the yarn quality of the two branded blended yarns. The results show that they are similar in terms of single yarn strength, hairiness and evenness indexes. Although the common quality defects of the domestic Yamei viscose rose slightly after the optimization, the A1 and other incidental yarn defects declined considerably. On the whole, the domestic Yamei viscose fiber blended yarns are slightly inferior to that of oversea Lenzing, but its yarn quality can be improved by optimizing the spinning process. Moreover, the domestic viscose price is low, and it is rarely out of stock, which has a positive effect on reducing costs and improving the production and development of products.

Sub pixel subdivision algorithm of yarn diameter based on linear array

WANG Yanmeng, QIN Peng, ZHANG Wenguo

2022, 30(4):  130-133.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202106035

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For the purpose of high-precision measurement of yarn diameter, linear CCD was used to detect yarn diameter. Firstly, the average filtering algorithm was adopted to eliminate the influence of yarn hairiness. Secondly, the pixel coordinates of yarn edge were determined through the floating threshold method. Finally, the sub-pixel coordinates of yarn edge were obtained through the Gaussian integral fitting method. After formulating an experimental scheme, analyzing the deviation rate of the subdivided yarn diameter and the theoretical diameter, the feasibility of Gauss integral curve fitting method was verified. The experimental results showed that the average diameter deviation rate of the subdivided yarn segments was 3.19%, and the bar unevenness was reduced by 22%. The experimental results proved the accuracy of sub-pixel algorithm based on linear CCD, and provided a new method for online measurement of yarn diameter.

Design and properties of new flame retardant fabric for thermal protective clothing

ZHANG Hui, LIU Xianfei, XU Jinguang

2022, 30(4):  134-141.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202107037

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To design new thermal protective clothing, this paper designed and weaved six kinds of double stitching fabrics with the same specifications of Nomex^® ⅢA yarns based on plain, 2/2 hopsack, 2/2 twill, and 3/1 twill by changing the fabric texture so as to study the effect of fabric texture on its bending properties, mechanical properties, air permeability, moisture permeability and thermal protective performance. The results show that the bending performance, mechanical properties and thermal protective performance increase while the moisture permeability property decrease with the the tightening of the fabric texture under the same warp and weft density. Among the six kinds of fabrics, the No.1 fabric whose surface texture is plain and inner texture is 2/2 hopsack has the best bending property, mechanical property and thermal protective performance but poor air permeability and moisture permeability. Meanwhile, the thermal protective performance increases by 67.53% compared with that of the fabric system with general flame retardant coatings on the market.

Fabric image defect detection based on parallel comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization

GE Yunping

2022, 30(4):  142-148.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202105031

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In order to enhance the quality of fabric defect image detection, a parallel comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the fabric defect in the image was obtained according to the light transmittance of the fabric. Secondly, through multi-scale utilization of gray value difference of fabric image, the saliency of the defect area was enhanced, and the defect was distinguished from the surrounding pixels, thereby weakening the influence of the background on the fabric defect. Thirdly, the local attraction factor was added based on comprehensive learning particles, and the multi-swarm and parallel strategies were adopted to improve the search capability. Finally, the algorithm flow was obtained. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can clearly detect the defect. The detection accuracy of damaged defect of 88.15%, the detection accuracy of missing defect of 90.46%, the detection accuracy of shifted defect of 93.87%, and the detection accuracy of broken warp defect of 86.54%. Its detection accuracy is higher than other algorithms, and consumes less time than other algorithms.

Design and simulation of multi bar warp knitted automobile roof fabric

TANG Shali, CHEN Weilai, MA Chen

2022, 30(4):  149-155.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202103049

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The aesthetics of automobile roof will directly affect customers' desire to buy. In order to improve the pattern effect of automobile roof materials, three-comb and four-comb warp knitted structures were designed respectively using WKCAD warp knitting process design software on the precondition of ensuring the basic performance of automobile interior. Optimized design and simulation of the pattern structure were conducted. Ordinary polyester and cationic polyester were used as raw materials to analyze the effects of patterns produced by different raw materials. The results show that when cationic polyester fiber was used as the raw material of the front comb or the first two combs, the pattern design effect after dyeing was better. In a complete cycle, the more the number of rows crossed by the comb bar, the better the pattern design effect. The four-comb fabric is more suitable for the special pattern design than the three-comb fabric.

Dyeing and Finishing & Chemical Engineering

Dyeing properties of modified cotton fabric with Smilax china L. root dye

YU Haijuan, YANG Bin, FU Hongping, YU Zhicheng, WANG Lei

2022, 30(4):  156-161.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202111019

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Smilax china L. root pigment was used to dye cotton fabric and its dyeing properties were studied in order to develop natural dyes with good dyeing fastness. Firstly, the cotton fabric was modified with FE, the effects of FE concentration, temperature and time on K/S value were investigated, and the infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential of cotton fabric were measured. Then the dyeing process of Smilax china L. root dye was optimized, and the effects of pH, temperature, time and amount of dye on K/S value were discussed. Finally, the dyed fabric was treated by post-mordant dyeing to test the dyeing fastness. The results show that the suitable modification process is FE 6 g/L, 60 ℃, 30 min, dyeing process is 5% (o.w.f), pH value is 7, 90 ℃, 80 min. The fabric dyed with natural dyes from Smilax china L. root has a high K/S value, and the color fastness to washing, rubbing and light reaches grade 3 or above.

Effect of Loganin structure modified product on the dyeing property of pure silk

YU Ying

2022, 30(4):  162-169.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202106013

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In order to develop natural iridoid dyes, Loganin was selected for structure modification and its mechanism was discussed. The effect of the modification product on the dyeing properties of pure silk was studied, the whole process of color reaction was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy. The condition of color reaction was determined, and the color fastness and antibacterial properties of the dyed pure silk were tested. The results revealed that the Loganin exhibited good dyeing properties on pure silk after being structurally modified by acylation reaction, and the resulting color product exhibited the maximum characteristic light absorption at 465 nm and 670 nm. Under the conditions that the amount of modified product was 6% of the mass of the pure silk, the pH value was 7.5-8.0, at a dyeing temperature of 35-40 ℃ and the dyeing time lasted 5 h, the dyed pure silk had better color fastness and antibacterial property. The modified product enriched the species of the natural iridoids compounds, broadened the chromatographic range, and demonstrated a good application prospect as a brand-new type of functional dyes used for protein fiber.

Sizing performance of grafted sesbania gum containing polyacrylate branch chain

WANG Shuangshuang, LU Haojie, JIN Enqi, LI Manli, ZHOU Jiu

2022, 30(4):  170-177.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202107035

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In order to expand the suitable yarn variety of sesbania gum (SG)sizing agent to a high-proportion polyester-containing yarn, the effects of carbon chain length of common acrylate monomers on the sizing performance of grafted SG were investigated. Taking Fenton reagent as the initiator, four acrylate monomers with different carbon chain lengths were grafted onto molecular chains of native SG and the modified SG with similar grafting ratios but different grafted branch molecular structures, respectively. Then, the series of grafted modified SG were employed for sizing test on T/C 65/35 blended yarn and the common properties of the sized yarns were tested. The results showed that with the decrease in the carbon chain length of acrylate monomer, the tensile strength of the T/C yarn sized by the grafted SG was gradually improved, while the tensile elongation and the number of hairiness were gradually reduced. The T/C yarn sized by the modified SG through thesynthesis of ethyl acrylate exhibited the best wear-resistance performance. The high-proportion polyester-containing yarn sized by grafted modified SG made of acrylate monomer with different carbon chain lengths can meet different performance requirements of sizing in the weaving process.

Research on hydrophilic modification of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)/polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin blend membranes

XU Kaiyang, QIAN Jianhua, SUN Liying, PENG Huimin, ZHAO Yongfang

2022, 30(4):  178-185.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202106038

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Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)/polyvinyl butyral ester (PVB) blend membranes were prepared by phase transformation method with different proportions of additives in casting solution. The effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PEG) and 1, 2-propanediol (PG) additives on the properties of CPVC/PVB membranes were analyzed. The surface morphology, cross section morphology, contact angle, water flux and flux recovery rate of CPVC/PVB membranes prepared under the optimal conditions were tested. Bovine serum protein (BSA) was used as filtration medium to measure and calculate the rejection rate of filtration membranes. The results show that when the ratio of PEG to PG is 7:3, the water flux of the blend membrane is the best, which can reach 957.3 L/(m²·h). PEG and PG increase the hydrophilic groups on the membrane surface, so that the blend membrane has good hydrophilicity. When the PEG to PG ratio is 7:3, the BSA interception rate is the best, which can reach 94.2% and achieve a satisfying anti-fouling effect.

Preparation and application of anti-dyeing color absorption sheets based on porous SiO₂ microspheres

HUANG Biao, CHENG Jinyu, JIN Mengting, ZHU Hailin, ZHOU Lan, LIU Guojin

2022, 30(4):  186-192.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202108010

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In order to solve the problems that the dark and light colored clothes cannot be mixed in the daily household laundry and the dye dropping in the washing process is easy to form dye wastewater, nonwoven fabric is selected as the base material to prepare laundry anti-dyeing color absorption sheets by loading porous SiO₂ microspheres. The composition structure of anti-dyeing color absorption sheets was designed, the concentration of porous SiO₂ microspheres was optimized, the surface morphology of the prepared anti-dyeing color absorption sheets was observed, the load fastness of microspheres was analyzed, and the anti-dyeing color absorption sheets were used for dye adsorption to observe the anti-dyeing effect. The results show that the anti-dyeing color absorption sheets consist of three layers: nonwoven substrate, polydopamine (PDA)adhesive layer and porous SiO₂ microsphere layer. Porous SiO₂ microspheres are electronegative and suitable for adsorption of cationic dyes. The higher the concentration of porous SiO₂ microspheres, the stronger the adsorption of dyes. Porous SiO₂ microspheres are evenly distributed on the fiber surface of the prepared anti-dyeing color absorption sheets, and the microspheres gather together to wrap the fiber. The weight loss rate of the anti-dyeing color adsorption sheets after washing was only 2.3%, which proved that the microspheres had good load fastness on the nonwoven substrate. The anti-dyeing color adsorption sheets were used in the mixed washing test of polyester cationic yarn (CDP), and it was found that the adsorbability to the dye was obvious, and the light colored CDP fabric did not appear stained. The research results can provide practical basis for the mixing and washing of dark and light colored clothes.

Apparel Engineering

Influence of clothing structure design on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness

LIU Yaqiong, LI Nan, LI Wen, WANG Lijun

2022, 30(4):  193-199.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202109032

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In order to establish the quantitative relationship between clothing structure design and electromagnetic shielding efficiency, nine types of electromagnetic shielding clothing were designed and produced by selecting stainless steel fiber blended fabrics and taking the collar structure, hem circumference, sleeve length and clothing length as the design factors of clothing structure based on the prototype of cultural women's clothing. The experimental clothing shielding efficiency test method is designed based on the shielding chamber method and its shielding efficiency is tested, and the influence level and law of electromagnetic shielding efficiency are explored by means of orthogonal experimental design, variance analysis and linear regression analysis. The results show that the four factors of collar structure, hem circumference, sleeve length and length of clothing have significant effect on the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of clothing, the highest degree of influence of the four factors is length of clothing, which is followed by the length of sleeve and the hem circumference, with that of the structure of collar being the lowest. In the choice of anti-electromagnetic radiation clothing, more attention should be paid to the long clothing and long sleeves of the structural design. At the same time, from the point of view of the overall structure design of clothing, a model of the relationship between the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of clothing and structural design factors is established, and the verified model has good predictability.

Young women's body shape classification and recognition based on height and weight

JIN Shouning, XIA Yuanping, ZHANG Beibei, GU Bingfei

2022, 30(4):  200-206.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202107031

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For the purpose of quick and convenient recognition of young women's body shape, the body shape parameters of 304 young women aged 18-25 were obtained, including parameters of height, weight and girth. The body shapes of young women were divided into three categories (i.e., O fat body, H Well-balanced body and X thin body), and the discriminant rules of each type were summarized. Besides, a BP neural network prediction model based on height and weight was established to perform the size prediction of bust, waist and hip circumference. The results showed that according to the classification rules of three body-shape types, 88% of the samples predicted based on height and weight were correctly classified, proving that the method of body type recognition based on BP neural network prediction model in this study is feasible, and it can provide technical reference and theoretical basis for generating personalized patterns.

Pattern recognition and classification of women's shirts based on deep learning

Li Qing, Ji Yanbo, Guo Haoqi, Liu Kaixuan

2022, 30(4):  207-213.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202109010

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In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of clothing pattern classification, a method based on Inception v3 algorithm and transfer learning technology to classify blouse patterns is designed. On the basis of Inception v3, this paper expand the training network architecture. 8121 pictures of blouses are divided into 8 categories to train, and the accuracy and loss value were compared with typical algorithm models such as GoogLeNet. The results show that: Inception v3 has a better convergence rate at the same recognition accuracy; and transfer learning is applied to the Inception v3 optimization algorithm, while maintaining the initial model recognition speed, the average accuracy of model recognition is increased to 98%, and the amount of parameters involved in training has been reduced by 91%. The results of this research can effectively solve the difficult problem of clothing pattern classification and provide a technical reference for its visual classification research.

Development and evaluation of ventilation clothing based on micro fan array

DANG Tianhua, ZHAO Mengmeng, QIAN Jing

2022, 30(4):  214-221.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202109021

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In order to improve the thermal comfort of office workers in summer, we design and develop three types of micro-fan array ventilation clothing without using air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The ventilation clothing is composed of a ventilation system and basic clothing, with the fan being placed in different parts of the clothing. The summer office working environment was simulated in the climatic chamber, and human subject dressing experiments were conducted to evaluate the cooling effect and thermal-wet comfort of the ventilating clothing by measuring objective and subjective indicators. The research results show that the micro-fan array ventilating clothing is light and comfortable to wear; all the three types of ventilating clothing reduce the temperatures under the clothes; compared with the control group, the average skin temperature and torso temperature of the human subjects wearing ventilation clothing decrease while the subjects' thermal sensation, wet sensation, and thermal comfort are much more better, though the ventilating clothing has an insignificant influence on auditory canal temperature and skin humidity. On the whole, the ventilating clothing with both front and back fans has the best cooling effect on the torso and significantly improves human thermal comfort, which is related to the maximum wind speed.

Theme mining and index system construction for online virtual fitting platform service quality

QIU Huiling, LIU Yaling

2022, 30(4):  222-229.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202106046

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The fitness issue of online clothing purchase has stimulated the development of a number of virtual fitting technology-based fitting software. In order to investigate the status quo of online virtual fitting terminal experience service, online user comments of the mainstream virtual fitting software in the current market were crawled using crawler technology from the perspective of user perception, and the virtual fitting service quality index system was established through sentiment orientation analysis and LDA theme modeling. The results are as follows: the existing virtual fitting service can basically meet consumers' fitting needs; the image of virtual fitting model, fitting style, system software upgrades and other services need to be improved; users are most concerned about 7 theme dimensions of system security, system design, response speed, service quality, fitting function, interactive quality and content information; Finally, based on the above analysis, a virtual fitting platform service quality evaluation index system with 7 first-level indexes and 25 second-level indexes was constructed in order to improve the online shopping service experience.

Influencing factors of counterfeit clothing purchase intention based on cognitive-attitudinal-behavioral intention theory

WU Jiabin, QU Hongjian

2022, 30(4):  230-240.  DOI: 10.19398/j.att.202107036

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In order to study the factors influencing counterfeit clothing purchase intention, this article first explores the relationship among product cognition, consumers' attitudes and willingness to purchase counterfeit clothing, and then takes two other factors-money worship and moral judgment-into consideration to further explore the influence of these two factors in this logical framework based on the theoretical logic of "cognitive-attitudinal-behavioral intention". The results show that the three dimensions of product perception: appearance, experience and function have a positive influence on symbolic value and purchase intention and a negative influence on social risk; the symbolic value in consumers' attitudes positively influences while social risk negatively influences purchase intention; all the three dimensions of product perception can positively influence purchase intention through symbolic value, and negatively influence purchase intention through social risk; money worship positively influences while moral judgment negatively influences purchase intention. Nevertheless, money worship does not play a positive moderating role between the three dimensions of product perception and symbolic value, and moral judgment does not play a positive moderating role between the three dimensions of product perception and social risk. Finally, corresponding countermeasures are suggested based on the research results obtained.