Abstract: 3D spacer fabrics, also known as sandwich fabrics, are 3D structure fabrics composed of a number of spacer yarns connecting the upper and lower two surface fabric layers. The special 3D structure allows a large amount of static air to be stored in the spacer layer, and the static air is the medium with the smallest thermal conductivity in nature, which makes 3D spacer fabrics have better heat insulation performance than ordinary single-layer fabrics and have great development space as a high-performance thermal insulation material.
3D spacer fabrics, boasting excellent thermal insulation performance, light weight, excellent moisture absorption and breathability, anti-compression, high strength, etc., have broad application prospects in the fields of medical supplies, personal protective equipment, smart textiles and energy resource conservation. In the field of medical supplies, wound dressings made of spacer fabrics can reduce the heat loss of wounds and facilitate wound recovery. In the field of personal protective equipment, spacer fabrics can enhance the thermal protective performance of thermal protective clothing and reduce the heat loads of the wearer. In the field of smart textiles, spacer fabrics can be used to develop flexible thermoelectric systems to regulate human body temperature. In the field of energy resources, thermal insulation panels made of spacer fabrics, solar steam power photothermal materials, and transparent heat insulation materials can reduce energy loss and improve the utilization rate of energy resources.
To further expand the application field of 3D spacer fabrics so that the spacer fabrics can meet the demand for material thermal insulation performance in many fields, spacer fabric composite thermal insulation materials are an important means to enhance the thermal insulation performance of spacer fabrics. Spacer fabrics compounded with low thermal conductivity barrier insulation materials can enhance the insulation performance by reducing thermal conduction and thermal convection. The spacer fabrics composite reflective insulation materials can reduce the radiation absorbed by the fabrics and enhance the radiation reflectivity of the surface of the spacer fabrics, thus enhancing the thermal insulation performance of the spacer fabrics. The spacer fabrics with radiant heat insulation materials can enhance the heat insulation performance of the fabric by emitting the absorbed radiant heat into the environment.
The 3D spacer fabrics contain a large amount of static air, and have excellent thermal insulation performance, as well moisture absorption and permeability, energy-absorbing cushioning, etc., which can meet the needs of functional fabrics in different fields. At present, research on the thermal insulation performance of spacer fabrics is mainly carried out for knitted spacer fabrics. Although woven spacer fabrics are often used as the reinforcement of 3D composite thermal insulation materials, their own thermal insulation performance has not been fully studied, so the investigation of the factors influencing the thermal insulation performance of woven spacer fabrics is the key to expanding their application scope. Meanwhile, the establishment of a heat transfer model based on the microscopic characteristics of spacer fabrics can help researchers optimize the structure of spacer fabrics to enhance the thermal insulation performance. Finally, the development of high-performance spacer fabrics' insulation materials based on fiber raw materials, insulation materials and compounding methods is an important means to broaden their application fields.

Key words: spacer fabrics, thermal insulation, thermal conductivity, composite materials

摘要： 为了探究三维间隔织物的隔热性能,拓宽间隔织物作为隔热材料的应用范围,对目前国内外间隔织物隔热性能的研究进行综述。首先介绍了间隔织物作为隔热材料在各个领域中的应用;其次分析了间隔织物的隔热机理,从原料和结构这两个方面分析了影响间隔织物隔热性能的因素;再次重点探讨了间隔织物分别与阻隔型、反射型和辐射型隔热材料复合后隔热性能的增强效果。未来应基于三维间隔织物的结构特征建立传热模型,优化间隔织物结构,同时根据使用场景优化复合方式,结合高性能纤维和隔热材料,研发高性能间隔织物复合隔热材料,以期在建筑、汽车、化工、功能服装等多个领域深入扩大应用。

关键词: 间隔织物, 隔热性能, 导热系数, 复合材料