Structural analysis and performance of daily protective mask

doi:10.19398/j.att.202101013

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of structural parameters on the filtration efficiency, air permeability and moisture permeability of masks, the structural parameters of the inner layer, filter layer and outer layer of eight kinds of daily protective masks were analyzed, their air permeability, moisture permeability and filtration efficiency were tested and characterized. The results show that the order of size wtih the influence weight of the structural parameters of filter layer on the filtration efficiency is: fiber diameter, average pore size, porosity; with the decrease of fiber diameter, the filtration efficiency of masks increases; the overall air permeability of masks is mainly affected by the inner layer of masks, and with the increase of the air permeability of the inner layer of masks, the overall air permeability shows an increasing trend. The overall moisture permeability of masks is mainly affected by the filter layer, and with the increase of the moisture permeability of the filter layer, the overall moisture permeability shows an increasing trend.

Key words: daily protective mask, structural parameters, filtration efficiency, comfort, composite layer

摘要：

为了研究口罩结构参数对过滤性能及透气透湿性能的影响,对8种日常防护型口罩内层、过滤层及外层的结构参数进行分析,并对其透气透湿性能、过滤性能进行测试和表征。结果表明:过滤层结构参数对过滤性能的影响权重从大到小依次为:纤维直径、平均孔径、孔隙率,且随着纤维直径的减小,口罩的过滤性能呈增大趋势;口罩整体的透气性能主要受口罩内层影响,且随着口罩内层透气性能的增大,整体透气性能呈增加趋势;口罩整体的透湿性能主要受过滤层影响,且随着过滤层透湿性能的增大,整体透湿性能呈增加趋势。

关键词: 日常防护口罩, 结构参数, 过滤效率, 舒适性能, 复合结构层

CLC Number:

TS177

LI Longfei, SHAO Lingda, LIN Ping, ZHU Chengyan, DING Yuanyuan, TIAN Wei. Structural analysis and performance of daily protective mask[J]. Advanced Textile Technology, 2022, 30(1): 178-184.

李龙飞, 邵灵达, 林平, 祝成炎, 丁圆圆, 田伟. 日常防护型口罩结构分析及性能研究[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2022, 30(1): 178-184.

Figures/Tables 7

References 17

[1]	贾琳, 王西贤, 曹琪龙, 等. PAN/SiO_2复合纳米纤维滤膜的制备及性能分析[J]. 丝绸, 2020, 57(10):17-23.
	JIA Lin, WANG Xixian, CAO Qilong, et al. Preparation and property analysis of PAN/SiO₂ composite nanofiber filter membrane[J]. Silk, 2020, 57 (10): 17-23
[2]	LIU J, ZHANG X, ZHANG H, et al. Low resistance bicomponent spunbond materials for fresh air filtration with ultra-high dust holding capacity[J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(69): 43879-43887. DOI URL
[3]	THOMAS A W, WILLIAM A M, RICHARD A G. If the mask fits: Facial dimensions and mask performance[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2019, 72:308-310 DOI URL
[4]	张星, 刘金鑫, 张海峰, 等. 防护口罩用非织造滤料的制备技术与研究现状[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(3):168-174.
	ZHANG Xing, LIU Jinxin, ZHANG Haifeng, et al. Preparation technology and research status of nonwoven filtration materials for individual protective masks[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41 (3): 168-174
[5]	JOHNSON A T. Respirator masks protect health but impact performance: A review[J]. Journal of Biological Engineering, 2016, 10(1): 1-12. DOI URL
[6]	全琼瑛, 应伟伟, 祝成炎. 熔喷非织造过滤材料直径对医用口罩过滤性能的影响[J]. 上海纺织科技, 2015, 43(11):16-18.
	QUAN Qiongying, YING Weiwei, ZHU Chengyan. The effect of fiber diameter of melt-blown nonwovens on filtration performance of medical masks[J]. Shanghai textile technology, 2015, 43 (11): 16-18
[7]	王璐, 于斌, 祝成炎, 等. 异纤度对水刺非织造材料孔隙结构及过滤性能的影响[J]. 浙江理工大学学报, 2010, 27(4):524-528.
	WANG Lu, YU Bin, ZHU Chengyan, et al. Effect of pore structure of differential linear density on filtration performance of spunlaced nonwovens[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2010, 27(4): 524-528
[8]	金关秀, 祝成炎. 孔隙形状对熔喷非织造布过滤品质的影响[J]. 上海纺织科技, 2018, 46(11):15-18.
	JIN Guanxiu, ZHU Chengyan. Effect of shape on the filter quality of melt-blown nonwoven[J]. Shanghai textile technology, 2018, 46(11):15-18.
[9]	武松梅, 袁传刚. 非织造材料孔径与过滤性能关系的研究[J]. 产业用纺织品, 2010, 28(1):12-14.
	WU Songmei, YUAN chuangang. Study on relation between pore size of nonwovens and filtration characteristic[J]. Industrial Textiles, 2010, 28(1): 12-14
[10]	倪冰选, 张鹏. 非织造布孔径分布及过滤效率研究[J]. 产业用纺织品, 2012, 30(3):25-28.
	NI Bingxuan, ZHANG Peng. Study on pore size distribution and filtration efficiency of nonwovens[J]. Industrial Textiles, 2012, 30(3): 25-28
[11]	陈美玉, 周莹莹, 王红红, 等. 市场口罩的过滤特征与舒适性分析[J]. 纺织高校基础科学学报, 2018, 31(3):281-288.
	CHEN Meiyu, ZHOU Yingying, WANG Honghong, et al. Filtering characteristics and comfort performance of the masks in the market[J]. Journal of basic science of Textile University, 2018, 31(3): 281-288
[12]	冯强强. 新型舒适性医用口罩材料的研究与开发[D]. 西安: 西安工程大学, 2012.
	FENG Qiangqiang. Research and Development of Ate-model and Comfortable Materials for Medical Mask[D]. Xi'an: Xian University of Engineering, 2012
[13]	田伟, 雷新, 从明芳, 等. 纺粘非织造布制备工艺与性能的关系[J]. 纺织学报, 2015, 36(11):68-71.
	TIAN Wei, LEI Xin, CONG Mingfang, et al. Relationship between manufacture process and performance for spunbond nonwoven[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2015, 36(11):68-71.
[14]	刘林玉, 陈诚毅, 王珍玉, 等. 消防服多层织物的热湿舒适性[J]. 纺织学报, 2019, 40(5):119-123.
	LIU Linyu, CHEN Chengyi, WANG Zhenyu, et al. Thermal-moisture comfort of multilayered fabric systemsused as firefighting clothing[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2019, 40(5):119-123.
[15]	全琼瑛, 应伟伟, 祝成炎. 非织造医用防护口罩过滤材料结构与过滤效率关系的研究[J]. 上海纺织科技, 2015(7):1-2,29.
	QUAN Qiongying, YING Weiwei, ZHU Chengyan. Study on relation between structure and filtration efficiency of nonwoven medical protective masks[J]. Shanghai Textile Technology, 2015, 43(7): 1-2,29
[16]	陈凤翔, 翟丽莎, 刘可帅, 等. 防护口罩研究进展及其发展趋势[J]. 西安工程大学学报, 2020, 34(2):1-12.
	CHEN Fengxiang, ZHAI Lisha, LIU Keshuai, et al. Research progress and its developing trend of protective masks[J]. Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University, 2020, 34(2):1-12.
[17]	刘让同, 李亮, 焦云, 等. 织物结构与性能[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2012.
	LIU Rangtong, LI Liang, JIAO Yun, et al. Fabric Structure and Properties[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2012.

口罩编号	内/过滤 /外层	组织	厚度/mm	平方米质量 /(g·m^-2)	密度/(根·10cm^-1)		纤度/tex
口罩编号	内/过滤 /外层	组织	厚度/mm	平方米质量 /(g·m^-2)	经纱	纬纱	经纱	纬纱
A	内层	经平针	0.42	142.44	310(纵密)	190(横密)	7.30	7.30
	过滤层	—	0.28	41.88	—	—	—	—
	外层	纬双反面	0.74	242.08	190(纵密)	180(横密)	12.60	12.60
B	内层	经平针	0.41	116.84	250(纵密)	180(横密)	6.70	6.70
	过滤层	—	0.18	42.20	—	—	—	—
	外层	经平针	0.43	130.12	230(纵密)	170(横密)	10.30	10.30
C	内层	—	0.23	25.56	—	—	—	—
	过滤层	—	0.14	25.32	—	—	—	—
	外层	—	0.17	29.16	—	—	—	—
D	内层	—	0.22	25.42	—	—	—	—
	过滤层	—	0.15	26.15	—	—	—	—
	外层	—	0.16	28.56	—	—	—	—
E	内层	五枚缎纹	0.22	76.44	980	640	4.30	5.20
	过滤层	—	0.36	30.68	—	—	—	—
	外层	五枚缎纹	0.22	75.76	940	620	3.20	5.10
F	内层	五枚缎纹	0.18	67.21	910	500	4.10	4.90
	过滤层	—	0.18	40.24	—	—	—	—
	外层	五枚缎纹	0.16	58.52	900	480	3.10	4.90
G	内层	平纹	0.31	124.22	420	420	8.00	10.10
	过滤层	—	0.17	25.48	—	—	—	—
	外层	二上二下斜纹	0.18	68.84	380	340	18.50	19.10
H	内层	平纹	0.21	82.08	450	340	8.90	10.90
	过滤层	—	0.24	66.81	—	—	—	—
	外层	五枚缎纹	0.23	95.84	580	380	7.40	8.80

口罩编号	内/过滤 /外层	组织	厚度/mm	平方米质量 /(g·m^-2)	密度/(根·10cm^-1)		纤度/tex
口罩编号	内/过滤 /外层	组织	厚度/mm	平方米质量 /(g·m^-2)	经纱	纬纱	经纱	纬纱
A	内层	经平针	0.42	142.44	310(纵密)	190(横密)	7.30	7.30
	过滤层	—	0.28	41.88	—	—	—	—
	外层	纬双反面	0.74	242.08	190(纵密)	180(横密)	12.60	12.60
B	内层	经平针	0.41	116.84	250(纵密)	180(横密)	6.70	6.70
	过滤层	—	0.18	42.20	—	—	—	—
	外层	经平针	0.43	130.12	230(纵密)	170(横密)	10.30	10.30
C	内层	—	0.23	25.56	—	—	—	—
	过滤层	—	0.14	25.32	—	—	—	—
	外层	—	0.17	29.16	—	—	—	—
D	内层	—	0.22	25.42	—	—	—	—
	过滤层	—	0.15	26.15	—	—	—	—
	外层	—	0.16	28.56	—	—	—	—
E	内层	五枚缎纹	0.22	76.44	980	640	4.30	5.20
	过滤层	—	0.36	30.68	—	—	—	—
	外层	五枚缎纹	0.22	75.76	940	620	3.20	5.10
F	内层	五枚缎纹	0.18	67.21	910	500	4.10	4.90
	过滤层	—	0.18	40.24	—	—	—	—
	外层	五枚缎纹	0.16	58.52	900	480	3.10	4.90
G	内层	平纹	0.31	124.22	420	420	8.00	10.10
	过滤层	—	0.17	25.48	—	—	—	—
	外层	二上二下斜纹	0.18	68.84	380	340	18.50	19.10
H	内层	平纹	0.21	82.08	450	340	8.90	10.90
	过滤层	—	0.24	66.81	—	—	—	—
	外层	五枚缎纹	0.23	95.84	580	380	7.40	8.80

编号	纤维直径 x₁/μm	平均孔径 x₂/μm	孔隙率 x₃/%	过滤效率y/%
1	2.42	7.85	83.56	99.62
2	2.85	15.24	74.24	95.97
3	2.73	8.98	80.13	97.37
4	2.63	9.57	80.64	96.34
5	5.36	17.37	80.64	76.95
6	2.64	8.34	84.31	98.01
7	4.46	12.17	83.53	83.75
8	7.81	19.24	79.96	63.34

编号	纤维直径 x₁/μm	平均孔径 x₂/μm	孔隙率 x₃/%	过滤效率y/%
1	2.42	7.85	83.56	99.62
2	2.85	15.24	74.24	95.97
3	2.73	8.98	80.13	97.37
4	2.63	9.57	80.64	96.34
5	5.36	17.37	80.64	76.95
6	2.64	8.34	84.31	98.01
7	4.46	12.17	83.53	83.75
8	7.81	19.24	79.96	63.34

编号	纤维直径 x₁'/μm	平均孔径 x₂'/μm	孔隙率 x₃'/%	过滤效率y'/%
1	0.00	0.00	0.57	1.00
2	0.07	0.45	0.00	0.90
3	0.05	0.07	0.36	0.94
4	0.03	0.11	0.39	0.91
5	0.47	0.58	0.39	0.38
6	0.04	0.03	0.61	0.96
7	0.33	0.26	0.57	0.56
8	0.86	0.69	0.35	0.00