Abstract: To investigate the influence of silkworm farmers' common practice of early cocoon harvesting and selling on the performance of cocoon silk, two sample cocoons with different lots, cocoon seasons and silkworm varieties were selected as raw materials to observe the changes of pupae in the process of silkworm pupation, measure the reelability of cocoon, raw silk cleanness and neatness performance, cohesion performance, mechanical properties and other related indicators. The results showed that early cocoon harvesting would affect silkworm pupation rate and survival rate, and the earlier cocoon harvesting, the higher the immature cocoon rate. It would have a great influence on the reelability of cocoon, and in particular, the centralized cocoon harvesting method will lead to difficulty in silk gumming and silk sliver dissociation. But early cocoon harvesting would not affect the microstructure and secondary structure of cocoon silk, with slight effect on the cleanness and neatness performance, cohesion performance and mechanical properties of raw silk. It is found that early cocoon harvesting will influence the performance of cocoon and cocoon silk. In order to ensure the quality of raw silk and silk products, cocoon should be harvested during an appropriate period.

Key words: cocoon, early cocoon harvest, cocoon silk, raw silk, performance testing

摘要： 为研究当前普遍存在的蚕农提前采茧售茧对茧丝性能的影响,通过选用两个不同庄口、茧季、品种的样茧为原料,观察家蚕化蛹过程中蛹体变化情况,测定蚕茧解舒性能、生丝清洁及洁净成绩、抱合性能、力学性能等多项指标。结果表明:提前采茧会影响家蚕化蛹率和存活率,采茧越早毛脚率越高;提前采茧对蚕茧的解舒性能影响较大,特别是集中采茧的方式会导致茧丝胶着和丝条离解困难;提前采茧不会对茧丝的微观结构和二级结构产生影响,对生丝的清洁及洁净成绩、抱合性能和力学性能影响不大。研究发现提前采茧会对蚕茧及茧丝性能产生影响,为保证生丝品质和产品质量,应在适期内进行采茧。

关键词: 蚕茧, 提前采茧, 茧丝, 生丝, 性能测试