Abstract: With the rapid development of chemoembolization, an interventional therapy technology, multi-function has become a major feature of new polymer embolic microspheres with high efficiency and accurate targeting to meet the needs of different treatment methods of various tumors. This paper covers four functional categories: the biodegradable type, the environmentally responsive type, the radiopaque type and the radioactive type, and introduces the preparation methods and degradability evaluation of embolic microspheres of proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic polymers. The modification methods, environmental response mechanism and effects of pH responsive, temperature responsive, light, magnetic and microwave responsive hyperthermia embolic microsphere are reviewed. The autoradiography methods and evaluation of CT imaging visualization, MRI visualizationand CT/MRI dual-mode imaging visualizatio nembolic microspheres, as well as the labeling methods and radioactive effects of new radioactive embolic microspheres are also summarized. Finally, it is pointed out that degradable and environmentally responsive embolic microspheres are not good in morphology, size and drug release due to single material and response factor, while long-term observation and experiments in safety and effectiveness are still needed for radiopaque and radioactive embolic microspheres due to the side effects and complex mechanism of modifiers, indicating that multiresponsive and multifunctional embolic microspheres are the direction in future studies.

Key words: embolic microsphere, arterial chemoembolization, biodegradability, environmental response, visualization, radioactivity

摘要： 随着化疗栓塞的介入治疗技术的快速发展,为适应各类肿瘤不同治疗方式的多样化需求,多功能化成为新型高分子栓塞微球向高效、精准靶向发展的一大特点。文章从可生物降解型、环境响应型、可视化型、放射性型4个功能性类别展开,分别介绍了蛋白质类、多糖类、合成聚合物类的栓塞微球的制备方法与降解性评价;归纳了pH响应类、温度响应类、光、磁、微波响应热疗类栓塞微球的修饰方法、环境响应机理与效果;总结了CT成像可视化、MRI成像可视化和CT/MRI双模成像可视化栓塞微球的自显影方法与评价以及新型放射性栓塞微球的标记方法与放射性效果。最后,指出可降解型和环境响应型栓塞微球由于材质单一、响应因素单一存在形貌尺寸、载药缓释效果不佳的问题,而可视化型和放射性型栓塞微球则由于修饰物的毒副作用和复杂机理,在安全性和有效性上仍需长期观察与实验,表明了多重响应和多功能性栓塞微球是今后的发展方向。

关键词: 栓塞微球, 动脉化疗栓塞术, 生物降解性, 环境响应, 可视化, 放射性