Abstract:

In recent years, due to the impact of H7N9 avian influenza, the raw materials of down and feather products are in short supply, and the price is soaring. Therefore, more and more down and feather products are imported from Egypt, Vietnam, Pakistan and other countries and Taiwan of China for further processing at home. However, according to the current inspection at the port, the quality of imported down and feather is not optimistic. Although some are imported under the names of "washed duck feather" and "washed duck down", the actual samples are obviously dirty, smelly and with poor quality. After importing down and feather at a relatively low price, import enterprises can further wash and process it in China, which will not only destroy China's ecological environment, waste water resources, but also damage people's health. At present, the identification of solid waste is mainly based on GB 34330—2017 Identification Standards for Solid Wastes General Rules, but this standard is a general standard, lacking targeted operational procedures and detection methods. The five industrial standards of SNT 5431—2022 Methods for Identification of Imported Solid WastesTextile Raw Material and Products formulated by the General Administration of Customs of People's Republic of China include five parts: Part 1: General Rules; Part 2: Yarn; Part 3: Fabric; Part 4: Leather and Fur; Part 5: Fiber. However, corresponding identification standards have not been issued for down and feather products, and down and feather products are different from the four textile raw materials and products involved in the above standards in terms of sources, properties, processing methods, risk points, etc. The degree of initial processing of samples varies greatly, which brings great difficulties to the identification work.

In order to unify the identification criteria, the representative down and feather cases under supervision of the port are studied by analyzing the sensory, impurity, odor, turbidity, oxygen number, fat and oil content, pathogenic bacteria and other performance indexes according to China's laws and regulations, national standards and relevant requirements of the General Administration of Customs. Besides, the origin and the expected use of the samples are analyzed, and together with the testing indexes, the solid waste characteristics of the samples are comprehensively discussed. The identification method with "appearance + physical and chemical indexes + pathogenic bacteria" as identification elements and "animal organs and skin tissues" as characteristic risk factors is determined, the characteristics of down and feather judged as solid waste are summarized, and the issuing method of identification conclusion under different circumstances is given.

This paper discusses the attribute identification methods and criteria of imported down and feather solid waste based on the cases of port supervision, providing reference for port supervision, as well as providing technical support for China to further crack down on the entry of "foreign waste" and ensure the security of its borders.

Key words: import, down and feather, solid waste, features, identification, appearance, physical and chemical indicators, pathogenic bacteria

摘要： 进口羽毛绒固体废物属性鉴别目前尚无统一标准，各口岸鉴别结论存在差异。为统一鉴别尺度，根据中国法律法规、国家标准、海关总署相关要求，结合口岸监管代表性案例，通过分析羽毛绒的感官、杂质、气味、浊度、耗氧量、残脂率、致病菌等性能指标，对样品来源进行分析，并结合样品预期用途，对样品的固体废物属性进行全面探讨。确定了以“外观+理化指标+致病菌”为鉴别要素，以“动物器官、皮肤组织”为特征风险因子的鉴别方法，归纳了判定为固体废物羽毛绒的特征，给出了不同情况样品鉴别结论的出具方式。该方法可为进口羽毛绒的固体废物属性鉴别和海关监管提供技术依据。

关键词: 进口, 羽毛绒, 固体废物, 特征, 属性鉴别