Abstract: With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, product differentiation is the general trend of market development, and people's demand for functional fibers and fabrics has greatly increased. At present, electrospinning technology has been greatly developed, and the process parameters are easy to control. The preparation of electrospun hydrophilic and hydrophobic micro-nanofibers continues to become increasingly mature. The hydrothermally grown zinc oxide (ZnO) has excellent performance, low preparation cost and can be used for large-scale preparation, and the morphology of the grown ZnO can be regulated. By combining electrospinning technology and hydrothermal growth method, a unique micro-nano structure is constructed on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based composite fibers, which is expected to improve the hydrophilicity of the fibers.
To construct multi-scale hydrophilic PAN/ZnO fibers, firstly, the electrospinning technology was used to maintain the mass ratio of PAN to zinc acetate (Zn(AC)2) in the spinning solution at 6:1, the spinning voltage at 20 kV, and the spinning distance at 15 cm. The PAN/Zn(AC)2 composite fibers with uniform and smooth diameter distribution were prepared. Then, the fibers were heat-treated, and different morphologies of sub-micron ZnO structures were vertically grown on the fibers by low-temperature hydrothermal reaction, so that the morphologies of ZnO was diversified and greatly different from the fiber diameter, forming multi-scale PAN/ZnO fibers with excellent hydrophilicity. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR) and JY-82B video contact angle measuring equipment were used to analyze and test the crystal structure, surface functional groups and water contact angle of the fiber membrane, respectively. The results show that the multi-scale PAN/ZnO fibers can exhibit excellent hydrophilic properties as long as they can grow vertically and evenly on the surface of the fiber to increase the fiber surface roughness, no matter whether the hydrothermally grown ZnO is hexagonal prism, flake, or block. The successful preparation of multi-scale hydrophilic fibers shows that the construction of a rough structure conforming to the Wenzel model on the fiber surface has guiding significance for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional finishing of fibers and the corresponding fabrics.
The multi-scale structure hydrophilic fiber successfully prepared in this study provides a high guiding role for the preparation of functional fabrics. If it is applied to the functional finishing of fabrics, it is expected to have broad market prospects.

Key words: micro-nano structure, multi-scale, electrospinnig, ZnO

摘要： 为构建多尺度亲水性聚丙烯腈/氧化锌(PAN/ZnO)纤维，首先优化静电纺丝溶液和工艺参数，保持纺丝液中PAN与醋酸锌(Zn(AC)2)质量配比6∶1、纺丝电压20 kV、纺丝距离15 cm，制备直径分布均匀且光滑的前驱体PAN/Zn(AC)2复合纤维；然后对该纤维进行预热处理，再通过低温水热反应在纤维上垂直生长出不同形貌的亚微米ZnO结构，使得ZnO纳米棒直径与PAN纤维直径大小之间存在尺度梯度，形成多尺度，并对PAN/ZnO纤维浸润机制进行了分析。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、JY-82B视频接触角测定设备，分别对所制得纤维的晶体结构、表面官能团、水接触角进行分析测试，结果表明：无论水热生长的亚微米ZnO呈六棱柱状、片状、还是块状，只要其能垂直均匀地生长在纤维表层，所构成的多尺度PAN/ZnO纤维都能表现出优异的亲水性能。多尺度结构亲水性纤维的成功制备，对纤维及其织物的亲疏水功能性整理有指导性意义。

关键词: 微纳结构, 多尺度, 静电纺丝, ZnO