Abstract: As a global environmental problem, noise pollution seriously endangers people's physical health and quality of life, affecting sleep, damaging the hearing system, damaging cardiovascular system, causing mental system dysfunction, reducing work efficiency, and affecting children's intellectual development. Therefore, it is crucial to develop materials with sound absorption and sound insulation functions. The porous structure of textile materials endows them with sound absorption performance, making them widely used in the field of noise reduction.
Textile materials, as porous materials, are based on a combination of sound absorption and sound insulation mechanisms. The sound absorption and sound insulation of textile materials includes three parts. The first part is that the incident sound wave is reflected. The second part is that sound waves enter the pores in the fiber material, causing air vibration and causing sound energy loss. The third part is the multiple reflections of sound waves in the material pores. The biggest advantage of textile materials compared to other flexible materials lies in their processing performance, which can be processed into various shapes, arranged regularly, and distributed evenly. Based on this advantage, textile materials can be combined with other materials to prepare composite noise reduction materials. Materials with sound absorption and sound insulation functions include porous materials, resonant materials, and damping materials. To improve the noise reduction performance of porous textile materials, textile materials are combined with resonance materials and damping materials. Three types of textile composite noise reduction materials can be generated through different construction methods: porous composite noise reduction materials, porous and resonant composite noise reduction materials, and porous and damping composite noise reduction materials. These three composite noise reduction materials can effectively improve the noise reduction performance in the mid to low frequency range and broaden the range of sound absorption frequency bands.
Porous composite noise reduction materials can form three types of materials: multi-layer structure, sandwich structure, and gradient structure by laminating different materials. Porous and resonant composite materials are composites of fibrous porous materials and resonant materials, including thin plates, perforated plates, and microperforated plates. Among them, perforated plate resonance and microperforated plate resonance are the most commonly used resonant sound absorption methods today. In addition, noise reduction functional fillers are also widely used in textile materials, forming porous and damping composite noise reduction materials.
The preparation of composite noise reduction materials by combining textile porous materials with other materials is still the research focus of current sound-absorbing and sound insulation functional textile materials. In addition, with the rapid development of technology and the requirements of sustainable green development, the recycling and reuse of waste fibers and the application of new technologies will be the main development trends in the future. The future sound-absorbing and sound insulation textile materials should develop towards the direction of structural diversification, material composites, intelligent methods, and green environmental protection.

Key words: composite noise reduction materials, sound absorption and sound insulation, porous sound absorption, resonant sound absorption, damping material 

摘要： 由于纺织材料在中低频声波段的吸声隔音能力薄弱，为提高其在中低频区域的降噪性能，制备出吸声隔音性能更加优异的纺织材料，对相关研究现状进行了综述。文章首先介绍了纺织材料的吸声隔音的优势和吸声隔音机制；随后分别对多孔吸声复合降噪材料、多孔与共振复合降噪材料、多孔与阻尼复合降噪材料这3种纺织复合降噪材料的研究进展作出详细介绍；最后指出未来吸声隔音纺织材料的开发应朝着结构多样化、材料复合化、方式智能化以及绿色环保的方向发展。

关键词: 复合降噪材料, 吸声隔音, 多孔吸声, 共振吸声, 阻尼材料