Abstract: The textile industry in China, where both the economy and technology are rising quickly, has a new market thanks to bionic technology. The fusion of fabric and bionic technology to create electronic fabrics with various functions, such as thermal insulation, structural color generation, and superhydrophobicity, is anticipated to play a significant role in the fields of health detection, intelligent medical care, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction in a variety of smart wearable devices.
Bionic design of fiber materials is a key strategy for the textile industry to produce textiles with superior qualities. To acquire the excellent functions brought about by these unique structures for the prepared smart textiles, smart bionic textiles are primarily designed to respond to external environmental stimuli inspired by the structure and characteristics of live organisms in nature. Bionic technology has advanced significantly as a result of the ongoing advancements in intelligent technology and biological science, and it is increasingly being used in the textile sector.
The most typical representatives of insulation textiles based on bionic design are polar bears and penguins, whose internal structure is showing a hollow porous structure, and this porous structure enhances their thermal insulation performance. The hollow structure of fibers traps a large amount of air to increase thermal resistance or mimics the internal structure of polar bear hair or penguin feathers to develop heterogeneous fiber fabrics with special cross-sectional shapes. Next there are down of animals such as geese and ducks, whose internal structure shows a branching structure and whose thermal insulation properties are mainly attributed to their nano-scale and the trapped air in the branching structure. An environmentally friendly structured color-generating technology has been developed as a result of China's pressing need for the development of green textiles and eco-textiles. The idea that the shimmering butterfly's wings in the Amazon River Basin produce structural color has a significant impact on how color is generated.
The most typical superhydrophobic textile based on bionic design is a plant with self-cleaning function, which is represented by lotus leaf and water strider leg. There is a nanostructure on the micron structure mastoid on the surface of lotus leaf. This combination of micron structure and nanostructure is the fundamental reason for the self-cleaning function on the surface of lotus leaf. A number of researchers have produced excellent superhydrophobic fabrics mimicking the structure of lotus leaves and water strider legs. The fibers, fabrics, and textile sensors created through the fusion of bionic design and smart sensing textile materials, inspired by the structure of living organisms like spider hair, pale ears, and human skin, have great potential for advancement in the fields of protection, sports, medicine, and military.
The use of bionic techniques to create textiles with a variety of purposes has grown to be a crucial component of smart textile design. These techniques are inspired by the shapes and structures of living organisms found in nature. The use of bionic smart textiles is currently expanding into the medical, aeronautical, and military industries in addition to serving people's clothing requirements. The structure and application areas of multifunctional bionic smart textiles need to be further explored, notwithstanding the impressive achievements that have been obtained by smart textiles created by using bionic technology.

Key words: bionic design, smart textiles, textile insulating material, superhydrophobic textiles, structural color textiles, smart fibre

摘要： 为进一步推动仿生技术在纺织领域的应用并拓宽仿生智能织品的应用领域，对近几年国内外仿生设计纺织品的研究和发展现状及应用进行综述。首先介绍了基于仿生设计的隔热纺织品，归纳了仿动物毛发中空结构、羽绒分支结构以及其他生物结构的隔热纺织品；简要概述了仿生蝴蝶翅膀和仿其他生物结构的结构生色纺织品；然后分析了基于仿生设计的超疏水纺织品，总结了仿荷叶、水黾腿以及其他生物结构的超疏水纺织品；阐述了受人体皮肤结构启发的智能纤维以及受自然界中不同动植物结构启发的仿生智能传感纺织品；最后总结了仿生智能纺织品在多个领域的潜在应用，并展望其未来发展方向，以期为仿生设计智能纺织品的广泛应用提供理论和技术参考。

关键词: 仿生设计, 智能纺织品, 隔热纺织材料, 超疏水纺织品, 结构生色纺织品, 智能纤维