关键词: 静电纺丝, 纳米纤维膜, 防酸, 复合织物, 层压复合

Abstract: Acid-resistant fabrics are popular for workers who have been exposed to intense acid corrosion in acidic environments for a long time. Fluorinated materials have low surface energy and are suitable for corrosion resistance. In addition to C element, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) only contains F element, but has excellent acid and base resistance and organic solvent performance. Nevertheless, the higher the fluoride content, the more difficult the degradation, the higher the production cost, and the more difficult the processing. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), not only has fluorine resin and universal resin characteristics, but excellent chemical corrosion resistance. Its copolymer polyvinylidene fluoro-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), while retaining PVDF excellent performance, reduces the melting temperature, and improves the fluoride content to a certain extent, which is conducive to improving the corrosion resistance. Microporous membrane materials with a diameter of nanometers (tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers) can be prepared by electrospinning technology, and the resulting fibers have high specific surface area, narrow pore size and large porosity, so it is widely recognized as the most promising industrialization technology in the industry. At present, there are many studies on the application of electrospinning technology to protective fabrics, and it has become a practical method.
To develop acid-resistant fabrics with excellent comprehensive properties, a multi-layer composite structure fabric was prepared by using laminated composite technology. Acid-resistant polyester woven fabrics were used on the surface and inner layers of the fabric, which were then modified with fluorinated finishes and strong lifters to give the fabric an acid-repellent effect. At the same time, it can provide high mechanical properties to composite fabrics. The PVDF/PVDF-HFP nanofiber composite membrane, prepared by electrospinning in the core layer, prevents partial acid vapor penetration into the surface fabric and damage to human skin. Adhesive layer of acid, alkali and other inorganic drugs and solvents have excellent drug resistance of polyether sulfone (PES) hot melt omens, and not only will they lose too much air permeability, but they also have strong adhesion ability. Experimental results show that the tensile strength of PVDF/PVDF-HFP films is enhanced after hot-rolling. The fiber diameter ranges from 400 to 1300 nm, and the pore size ranges from 2 to 3μm. The acid-proofing effect is even good. The acid contact angle of the composite fabric is 138.42° (30% HCl), 130.23° (80% H2SO4), the liquid rejection efficiency of 30% HCl is 91.17%, and the acid penetration time is greater than 30 min. It has an ideal acid protection effect, with the breathability being 34.47mm/s, and the moisture permeability being 3,218.8g/(m2·d). At the same time, it exhibits excellent mechanical properties. After immersion in 80% H2SO4 acid, the strong drop-off rate is less than 18%. The acid-proof fabrics in this study have the ability to promote the penetration of electrospinning nanotechnology into the field of protective materials, which is projected to provide reference for the development of new acid-proof fabrics.

Key words: electrostatic spinning, nanofiber membrane, acid-proof, composite fabric, laminated composite