关键词: 棉织物, 三防, 泡沫整理, 后整理, 织物性能

Abstract: In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology and the rise of environmental awareness, three-proof functional finishing, green dyeing and finishing, energy  conservation and emission reduction of cotton fabrics have become the focus of the textile industry. Traditional finishing methods of cotton fabrics are difficult to meet the demand for fabric multifunctionality in modern society, while three-proof finishing can effectively solve this problem. Therefore, three-proof foam finishing of cotton fabrics has become one of the important methods of functional finishing of textile materials. This technology can not only prevent moisture penetration, but also resist oil and stains, meeting the modern demand for fabric composite multifunctional finishing. In the actual production process, foam finishing technology achieves green production with water conservation and energy consumption reduction by adjusting the force of foam application and changing the solution carrying rate of fabrics. However, traditional three-proof finishing agents such as C8-type contain toxic substances like perfluorooctanoic acid ammonium (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl compounds (PFOS), which pose a potential threat to the environment and human health. C6 three-proof finishing agents become a greener option because of their lower bioaccumulation and environmental damage. Experiments have shown that C6 three-proof finishing agents can improve the waterproof, oil-proof and stain-proof performance of cotton fabrics while reducing energy consumption and realizing green production.
In this paper, the foam finishing technology was used and the C6 three-proof finishing agent was selected to conduct three-proof finishing on pure cotton fabrics, and the optimal finishing process was determined by testing the apparent morphology, waterproof, oil-proof and stain-proof properties of the finished fabrics. The experimental results showed that the optimal process parameters were as follows: the mass concentration of the finishing agent was 60g/L, the liquid carrying rate was 50%, the baking temperature was 130 ℃, and the baking time was 2.5 minutes; the cotton fabric after the three-proof foam finishing had a water contact angle of 155.3°, an oil contact angle of 130.3°, and achieved a staining grade of 5. It was found by comparing the traditional padding method and the foam finishing method that the foam-finished cotton fabric had better water-phase and oil-phase contact angles, higher breaking strength and breaking elongation, longer breaking time, fuller and softer handfeel and good drape, as well as smaller difference in washing resistance; in terms of the uniformity of finishing, the average variance of the water-phase contact angle of the three-proof foam-finished cotton fabrics was 1.7, that of the oil-phase contact angle was 2.7, and that of the staining grade was 0.04, all of which were smaller than those of the traditional padding method, which were 1.9 for the water contact angle, 3.6 for the oil contact angle, and 0.16 for the stain grade. This is because the higher liquid carrying rate of the conventional padding method is more prone to migrating, resulting in uneven finishing on the fabric surface. Therefore, the cotton fabric finished with the three-proof foam has better finishing uniformity. 
This kind of high energy-saving, low liquid-supply finishing greatly reduces the use of chemicals, decreases environmental pollution and production costs, provides an effective way for the green and sustainable development of functional pure cotton fabrics, and has a broad application prospect. It is hoped that this finishing process can be more widely promoted and applied, and make greater contributions to the sustainable development of the textile industry.

Key words: cotton fabric, three-proof finishing, foam finishing, after-finishing, fabric properties