Abstract:

Meta-aramid is a new-type high-tech synthetic fiber widely used in flame-retardant clothing, military, aerospace and other fields due to its superior heat resistance, flame retardance and stability. However, it is hard for dye molecules to enter the fiber or combine with the fiber because of strong interaction between the aramid polymer chains, high fiber crystallinity, and strong chemical inertness on the fiber surface, resulting in poor property of aramid dyeing. Currently, aramid dyeing issues can be addressed by two means: develop new-type dyeing processes to improve the dye-uptake by increasing temperature, adding a carrier or using non-aqueous dyeing media instead; improve the dyeability through aramid modification. This paper reviews the current status of meta-aramid coloring technology, briefly introduces the fundamental principles and research progress of a variety of dyeing methods, specifically elaborates on the relationship between aramid structure and dyeing properties, and summarizes the challenges and application prospects of these dyeing approaches.

Key words: meta-aramid, fiber modification, coloring method, mechanism, prospect

摘要：

间位芳纶是一种新型高科技合成纤维,因具有极好的耐热性、阻燃性和稳定性而被广泛应用于阻燃服、军事、航空航天等领域。然而芳纶高分子链间作用力大、纤维结晶度高、纤维表面化学惰性强,使染料分子难以进入纤维内部或与纤维结合,导致芳纶染色性较差。目前,主要从两方面改善芳纶染色难题:通过提高温度、加入载体或改用非水染色介质等手段开发新型染色工艺提升染料上染率;对芳纶进行改性以提升芳纶可染性。文章对间位芳纶的着色技术现状进行综述,简要介绍了各类染色方法的基本原理及研究进展,重点阐述了芳纶结构与染色性能的关系,并总结了各染色方法所面对的挑战及应用前景。

关键词: 间位芳纶, 纤维改性, 着色方法, 机理, 展望