霉菌对棉织物的生物腐蚀特性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究霉菌对棉织物的腐蚀特性，从真实霉变的棉T恤衫、衬衫和毛巾上分离纯化霉菌微生物。根据形态学和ITS序列分析将分离纯化的5种霉菌鉴定为黑曲霉、土曲霉、桔青霉、芽枝状枝孢霉和杂色曲霉。并将纯化后的霉菌微生物制成孢子悬浮液接种到纯棉漂白织物上，在富集营养培养基上进行霉菌生物腐蚀实验。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对腐蚀前后棉织物的微观形貌、分子结构和结晶度进行表征，讨论5种霉菌微生物对棉织物的生物腐蚀特性。结果表明：5种霉菌均使棉纤维上出现腐蚀造成的纵纹和孔洞，其中桔青霉、土曲霉和芽枝状枝孢霉对棉织物的生物腐蚀较严重。研究结果可为阐明霉菌对棉织物的生物腐蚀机理提供支持，为抑制棉织物生物腐蚀提供参考。

关键词: 棉织物, 菌株形态学, ITS序列, 霉菌, 微生物腐蚀

Abstract: The main component of the cotton fiber is cellulose. Cellulose is a macromolecular polysaccharide composed of small molecules of glucose through β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. In addition, it also includes soluble sugar, wax, protein, fat, ash, and other companion organisms. It is rich in carbon sources and provides an energy source for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Therefore, cotton clothes are prone to mildew when stored. During the growth process, molds secrete organic acids and a series of extracellular enzymes, creating a suitable growth environment for themselves. These secretions will cause the bond between cellulose macromolecules to break, and then form small glucose molecules under the synergistic effect of cellulose series enzymes, which become the nutrients of molds, so that molds can grow and colonize rapidly on cotton fabrics and form mold spots on the surface of fabrics. At the same time, the organic acids and pigments secreted during the growth of molds will cause the fading of colored fabrics and the decrease of mechanical properties of fabrics, thus shortening the service life of textiles. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the types of molds on textiles and study the biological corrosion characteristics of molds on cotton fabrics in order to better protect textiles and prolong their service life.
In order to study the corrosion characteristics of molds on cotton fabrics, mold microorganisms were isolated and purified from real moldy cotton T-shirts, shirts, and towels, and streaked and purified on the PDA medium suitable for mold growth to obtain a single strain. According to morphology and ITS sequence analysis, the five isolated and purified molds were identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium citrinum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Aspergillus versicolor. The purified mold microorganisms were made into spore suspension and inoculated onto pure cotton bleached fabrics. The mold biocorrosion experiment was carried out on the enriched nutrient medium. After the experimental period, the microstructure, molecular structure and crystallinity of cotton fabrics before and after corrosion were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM results showed that the five molds grew between the fibers and caused different degrees of mechanical damage to the fiber surface. Specifically, the inoculation of Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus terreus caused serious corrosion on the fiber surface, and a large number of longitudinal lines and holes appeared on the fiber surface of the sample, while Aspergillus niger caused less damage to the fiber. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the 1,4-glycosidic bond of the cotton fiber inoculated with mold was broken, which caused a decrease in cellulose crystallinity, and the X-ray diffraction results also verified this. The crystallinity of cotton cellulose inoculated with the five kinds of molds decreased, among which Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus terreus had a great influence on the crystallinity of cotton fibers, which decreased the crystallinity of cotton fibers from 86.37 % to 81.65 % and 82.75 %, respectively. The experiment provides support for elucidating the mechanism of biological corrosion of cotton fabrics by molds and inhibiting cotton fabrics.

Key words: cotton fabrics, strain morphology, ITS sequence, mold, biological corrosion

中图分类号:

TS107.4

陶娅妃, 任泽华, 王梦娣, 朱博, 刘建立. 霉菌对棉织物的生物腐蚀特性[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2023, 31(4): 164-172.

TAO Yafei, REN Zehua, WANG Mengdi, ZHU Bo, LIU Jianli. Biological corrosion characteristics of molds on cotton fabrics[J]. Advanced Textile Technology, 2023, 31(4): 164-172.

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