关键词: 纺织品, 抗菌整理剂, 抗菌机理, 抗菌整理, 抗菌测试

Abstract: Textiles are widely used in many fields, such as clothing, domestic decoration and industrial use. They not only provide a place for the grouth and reproduction of various microorganisms, but also become an important transmission route of some infectious diseases due to their reusable characteristics. In recent years, considering the complex and severe global environmental epidemic and the frequent occurrence of various infectious diseases, the use of antibacterial agents on textiles is an important way to improve their antibacterial and bacteriological properties and cut off or slow down the spread of pathogens. Therefore, the functional characteristics and development trend of various antibacterial agents commonly used in textiles have attracted much attention.
This paper firstly introduces the inorganic, organic and natural antibacterial agents which are widely used in textiles. And the types, characteristics, mechanism of action and antibacterial effect of these compounds are described respectively. Inorganic antibacterial agents are the most widely used antibacterial agents. Nano silver and nano gold as typical antibacterial agents of metal nanoparticles, have high surface energy. They generally destroy the cell structure of bacteria or affect their metabolism by acting with the cell membrane of bacteria. Although they have good antibacterial effects, they are easy to agglomerate and leach from the textile. The antibacterial effect of metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide, is next only to that of metal nanoparticles. There are three main antibacterial mechanisms, such as active oxygen generation through photocatalysis, metal ion action and cell mechanical damage. Carbon nanomaterials have also been studied in the field of antibacterial. It is believed that graphene, carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide can cause physical damage to bacterial cell membrane or cell distortion through contact and interaction with bacteria by their physical structure and excellent mechanical strength, and thus producing antibacterial effects. Organic antibacterial agent is the earliest applied antibacterial agent . They are much easier to prepare and possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties, mainly including quaternary ammonium salts, halide amines, triclosan and so on. They kill the bacteria mainly through the chemical bond force, such as electrostatic attraction, van der Waals force, hydrogen bond and so on. Halide amines are considered to be the most effective organic antibacterial agents, which can be cyclically sterilized by artificial chlorination. Although organic antimicrobials have broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, they may be toxic to the environment and human cells. Natural antibacterial agents such as curcumin, chitosan, plant polysaccharides,possess biocompatibility and biodegradability. And they have been paid more and more attention in the antibacterial finishing of textiles, one of the most familiar is chitosan. The amino group on chitosan makes it carry a positive charge, which can be combined with the electrostatic interaction between the bacterial cell membrane and change the permeability of the cell membrane, resulting in cytoplasmic outflow and cell death. But at present, the overall efficiency of natural antibacterial agents is not effectively enough, and the range of use is relatively not extensive. In this paper, two methods of antibacterial finishing of textiles are summarized. One is to prepare antibacterial fiber by directly adding antibacterial agent to spinning liquid seed in the spinning process. The second is the functional finishing method using antibacterial agent on the fabric surface; At last, the paper summarizes three methods of testing textile properties, such as bacteriostatic zone method, absorption method and oscillation method.
At present, problems such as low antibacterial efficiency, poor antibacterial spectrum and insufficient durability need to be solved by antimicrobial agents in textile finishing. At the same time, the problem of poor sensitivity after finishing by antibacterial agents can not be ignored. With the upgrading of  use demand and the enhancement of safety and environmental protection awareness, the construction of durable and effective antibacterial coating on textile surface, and study of antibacterial agent type, structure and textile compound antibacterial effect, interface performance and wear evaluation, have become important development directions of antibacterial textile research in the future.

Key words: textile, antibacterial finishing agents, antibacterial mechanism, antibacterial finishing method, antibacterial test